鎂渣填充材料的制備及其性能研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-27 17:32
【摘要】：連續(xù)數(shù)年的煤炭開采使得留下了數(shù)量驚人的采空區(qū),為防止地表沉陷,確保人民生命財產(chǎn)安全,需要對煤礦采空區(qū)進行充填。冶煉金屬鎂需消耗大量的能源,所以金屬鎂工廠大都建在煤炭基地附近,而鎂渣是金屬鎂冶煉過程中產(chǎn)生的廢渣,一般都是將其做堆放或填埋處理,這樣不僅占用土地,還引起環(huán)境污染,本文提出利用鎂渣制備低成本的填充材料來填充煤礦采空區(qū)。以鎂渣為主要原料,針對不同區(qū)域的采空區(qū),制備了不同性能的兩種充填體,用于不同的采空區(qū)。并通過物理性能檢測,膨脹量測量,XRD,SEM等方法對充填體的物化性能進行研究后,得出了充填體的最佳配比。同時,試制了一種發(fā)泡劑來制備能滿足一般回填區(qū)要求的泡沫混凝土充填材料。通過對以上實驗數(shù)據(jù)分析得出以下結論:(1)制備的高強度鎂渣充填體的抗壓、抗折強度均隨著鎂渣摻量的增加而降低。通過對充填體的SEM圖像分析其水化產(chǎn)物C-S-H和Ca(OH)2含量隨鎂渣的摻量增多而減少。鎂渣充填體的配比為鎂渣含量50%,粉煤灰含量10%,水泥含量40%,3d抗壓強度為21MPa,28d抗壓強度為42MPa。該配比鎂渣填充體養(yǎng)護至200d后,其膨脹率為0.44%,具有微膨脹性。(2)低強度鎂渣充填體的水膠比較小,配制的漿體流動度較差,摻入適量的粉煤灰可以提高漿體的流動度,但隨著粉煤灰摻量的加大,充填體的抗壓強度逐漸降低。水膠比影響填充體的凝結時間。綜合比較各因素對填充體性能指標的影響,得出最優(yōu)方案為水泥摻量10%,灰渣比為1:1.4,水膠比為0.32。在該配比下,漿體流動度為19.8cm,凝結時間為17.5h,充填體28d抗壓強度為16.19MPa。(3)采用十二烷基硫酸鈉(K12)和硬脂酸鈣,制備了一種復合型發(fā)泡劑,發(fā)泡性能為發(fā)泡倍數(shù)28,1h沉陷距為1mm,1h泌水量為8ml。利用該復合型發(fā)泡劑制備泡沫混凝土,在水泥摻量10%,灰渣比為1:1.4,水膠比為0.32,泡沫摻量為0.5m~3/m~3時,制備的不同濕密度泡沫混凝土的干密度約為濕密度的一半,且28d抗壓強度與干密度的增長規(guī)律符合冪函數(shù)關系。在泡沫混凝土試塊SEM圖像中可以看出濕密度較大時孔徑細小且粗細均勻,均為獨立封閉的小孔,當濕密度減小時,孔徑明顯增大,泡孔不均勻,存在連通孔。從泡沫混凝土試塊孔徑微分分布曲線上可以看出濕密度為1700kg/m~3的試塊孔隙分布主要集中在100~550nm,而濕密度為1400~1600kg/m~3的試塊孔隙分布主要集中在200~3000nm。泡沫混凝土試塊的抗壓強度總體上隨著孔隙率和平均孔徑的增大而降低,大孔孔隙率對抗壓強度的影響更為重要。
[Abstract]:In order to prevent the surface subsidence and ensure the safety of people's life and property, the goaf of coal mine needs to be filled in order to prevent the surface subsidence and ensure the safety of people's life and property. Smelting metal magnesium needs a lot of energy, so most of the metal magnesium factories are built near coal bases, and magnesium slag is the waste slag produced in the process of smelting magnesium metal, which is usually stacked or landfill, so it not only occupies the land. It also causes environmental pollution. In this paper, using magnesium slag to prepare low cost filling material is proposed to fill the goaf of coal mine. Two kinds of filling bodies with different properties were prepared for different goaf with magnesium slag as main raw material. The physical and chemical properties of the backfill were studied by means of physical property test, expansion measurement and XRDX SEM, and the optimum proportion of the backfill was obtained. At the same time, a foaming agent was developed to prepare foam concrete filling material which can meet the general backfill requirements. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the compressive strength and flexural strength of the high strength magnesium slag fillers are decreased with the increase of the content of magnesium slag. The content of C-S-H and Ca (OH) _ 2 decreased with the increase of mg _ (2) slag content in the SEM images of the filling body. The proportion of magnesium slag filling body is 50 mg slag content, the content of fly ash is 10%, the compressive strength of cement content 40 days is 21 MPA / 28 d, the compressive strength is 42 MPA / a. After curing for 200 days, the swelling ratio of the mixture is 0.44, which has the property of micro-expansion. (2) the water glue of the low strength magnesium slag filling body is smaller, the fluidity of the prepared slurry is poor, and the fluidity of the slurry can be improved by adding proper amount of fly ash. However, with the increase of fly ash content, the compressive strength of the filling body decreases gradually. The water / binder ratio affects the setting time of the filler. By comparing the effects of various factors on the performance of the filler, it is concluded that the optimum scheme is the cement content of 10%, the ratio of ash to slag of 1: 1.4, and the ratio of water to binder of 0.32. Under this ratio, the fluidity of the slurry was 19.8cm, the setting time was 17.5 h, the compressive strength of the filling body was 16.19MPa. (3) A compound foaming agent was prepared by using sodium dodecyl sulfate (K12) and calcium stearate. The foamed concrete was prepared by using the compound foaming agent. The dry density of the foamed concrete with different wet density was about half of the wet density when the cement content was 10%, the ratio of ash to slag was 1: 1.4, the ratio of water to binder was 0.32, and the content of foam was 0.5 mg / m ~ 3. The growth law of 28d compressive strength and dry density is in accordance with the power function. It can be seen from SEM images of foam concrete samples that the pore diameter is fine and even with high wet density, and they are all independent closed pores. When the wet density decreases, the pore diameter increases obviously, the bubble pore is not uniform, and there are connected pores. From the pore size differential distribution curve of foamed concrete, it can be seen that the pore distribution of the sample with wet density of 1700kg/m~3 is mainly concentrated at 100 ~ 550nm, while the pore distribution of sample with wet density of 1400~1600kg/m~3 is mainly concentrated at 200 ~ 3000nm. The compressive strength of foam concrete samples decreases with the increase of porosity and average pore size, and the influence of macropore porosity on compressive strength is more important.
【學位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD823.7;X758
本文編號：2148623
[Abstract]:In order to prevent the surface subsidence and ensure the safety of people's life and property, the goaf of coal mine needs to be filled in order to prevent the surface subsidence and ensure the safety of people's life and property. Smelting metal magnesium needs a lot of energy, so most of the metal magnesium factories are built near coal bases, and magnesium slag is the waste slag produced in the process of smelting magnesium metal, which is usually stacked or landfill, so it not only occupies the land. It also causes environmental pollution. In this paper, using magnesium slag to prepare low cost filling material is proposed to fill the goaf of coal mine. Two kinds of filling bodies with different properties were prepared for different goaf with magnesium slag as main raw material. The physical and chemical properties of the backfill were studied by means of physical property test, expansion measurement and XRDX SEM, and the optimum proportion of the backfill was obtained. At the same time, a foaming agent was developed to prepare foam concrete filling material which can meet the general backfill requirements. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the compressive strength and flexural strength of the high strength magnesium slag fillers are decreased with the increase of the content of magnesium slag. The content of C-S-H and Ca (OH) _ 2 decreased with the increase of mg _ (2) slag content in the SEM images of the filling body. The proportion of magnesium slag filling body is 50 mg slag content, the content of fly ash is 10%, the compressive strength of cement content 40 days is 21 MPA / 28 d, the compressive strength is 42 MPA / a. After curing for 200 days, the swelling ratio of the mixture is 0.44, which has the property of micro-expansion. (2) the water glue of the low strength magnesium slag filling body is smaller, the fluidity of the prepared slurry is poor, and the fluidity of the slurry can be improved by adding proper amount of fly ash. However, with the increase of fly ash content, the compressive strength of the filling body decreases gradually. The water / binder ratio affects the setting time of the filler. By comparing the effects of various factors on the performance of the filler, it is concluded that the optimum scheme is the cement content of 10%, the ratio of ash to slag of 1: 1.4, and the ratio of water to binder of 0.32. Under this ratio, the fluidity of the slurry was 19.8cm, the setting time was 17.5 h, the compressive strength of the filling body was 16.19MPa. (3) A compound foaming agent was prepared by using sodium dodecyl sulfate (K12) and calcium stearate. The foamed concrete was prepared by using the compound foaming agent. The dry density of the foamed concrete with different wet density was about half of the wet density when the cement content was 10%, the ratio of ash to slag was 1: 1.4, the ratio of water to binder was 0.32, and the content of foam was 0.5 mg / m ~ 3. The growth law of 28d compressive strength and dry density is in accordance with the power function. It can be seen from SEM images of foam concrete samples that the pore diameter is fine and even with high wet density, and they are all independent closed pores. When the wet density decreases, the pore diameter increases obviously, the bubble pore is not uniform, and there are connected pores. From the pore size differential distribution curve of foamed concrete, it can be seen that the pore distribution of the sample with wet density of 1700kg/m~3 is mainly concentrated at 100 ~ 550nm, while the pore distribution of sample with wet density of 1400~1600kg/m~3 is mainly concentrated at 200 ~ 3000nm. The compressive strength of foam concrete samples decreases with the increase of porosity and average pore size, and the influence of macropore porosity on compressive strength is more important.
【學位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD823.7;X758
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