【摘要】：近些年來(lái),我國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)快速增長(zhǎng),城市化的步伐加快,我國(guó)的交通事業(yè)也得到了蓬勃發(fā)展,在一些高原地區(qū)受到地形條件的影響,不得不開(kāi)辟隧道,導(dǎo)致穿過(guò)鬧市區(qū)的淺埋隧道也越來(lái)越多。但是這些隧道工程受到地形條件的限制,有很大一部分需采用爆破施工。在埋深較淺的隧道中進(jìn)行爆破施工,爆破施工質(zhì)量的好壞對(duì)高速鐵路隧道圍巖的穩(wěn)定性有很大的影響,爆破振動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的振動(dòng)越大使得問(wèn)題變得愈加突出,從而增加了爆破施工的難度和風(fēng)險(xiǎn),采取的施工措施稍有不當(dāng),產(chǎn)生的爆破振動(dòng)就有可能引起圍巖的失穩(wěn)、混凝土的開(kāi)裂或脫落。本文主要是通過(guò)監(jiān)測(cè)爆破振動(dòng)引起的振動(dòng)效應(yīng)對(duì)圍巖穩(wěn)定性的危害,調(diào)整和優(yōu)化爆破設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù),準(zhǔn)確反饋施工,以確保施工過(guò)程中的安全以及圍巖的穩(wěn)定。通過(guò)監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)分析發(fā)現(xiàn),圍巖穩(wěn)定性的破壞不但與振幅有關(guān),還與振動(dòng)的頻率和持續(xù)時(shí)間有關(guān),并與圍巖本身的性質(zhì)及爆破地震的累積效應(yīng)有很大的關(guān)系。本文結(jié)合貴州省貴陽(yáng)市長(zhǎng)昆客運(yùn)專線小米坡隧道爆破項(xiàng)目,取得的主要成果如下:1、對(duì)總體爆破施工方案進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,優(yōu)化的爆破方案用于現(xiàn)場(chǎng)施工試驗(yàn)中,得到相應(yīng)的爆破施工記錄以及相應(yīng)的爆破振動(dòng)測(cè)試值,對(duì)以后施工起到一定的指導(dǎo)作用;2、按照優(yōu)化前的爆破施工方案施工,爆破振動(dòng)通過(guò)圍巖作用于襯砌并造成了損壞,在優(yōu)化前的方案下所測(cè)得爆破振動(dòng)峰值均偏高,使得近距離的襯砌出現(xiàn)裂隙;方案優(yōu)化后現(xiàn)場(chǎng)所測(cè)得爆破振動(dòng)峰值均小于1.5m/s,按照此方案施工后未出現(xiàn)明顯的裂隙;3、通過(guò)對(duì)爆破總體方案與爆破設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)的優(yōu)化以及現(xiàn)場(chǎng)爆破振動(dòng)測(cè)試數(shù)值與波形的整理中,可發(fā)現(xiàn)爆破振動(dòng)的峰值均在控制值之內(nèi),且在此控制值內(nèi)不再出現(xiàn)破壞,因此優(yōu)化方案是合理的、可行的、對(duì)實(shí)際工程有指導(dǎo)意義。4、通過(guò)對(duì)振動(dòng)儀器的了解與現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)際勘察,對(duì)爆破振動(dòng)測(cè)試擬定布置的測(cè)線是合理的,振動(dòng)儀器的選擇是科學(xué)的。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the economy of our country has grown rapidly, the pace of urbanization has been quickened, and the transportation industry in our country has also developed vigorously. In some highland areas affected by terrain conditions, we have to open tunnels. There are more and more shallow tunnels that lead to the passage through downtown areas. However, these tunnel projects are restricted by topographic conditions, and a large part of them need blasting construction. When blasting construction is carried out in a tunnel with shallow buried depth, the quality of blasting construction has a great influence on the stability of surrounding rock of high-speed railway tunnel. The larger the vibration caused by blasting vibration, the more prominent the problem becomes. Thus, the difficulty and risk of blasting construction are increased, and if the construction measures are slightly improper, the blasting vibration may lead to the instability of surrounding rock and the cracking or falling off of concrete. In this paper, by monitoring the damage of vibration effect caused by blasting vibration to the stability of surrounding rock, adjusting and optimizing the parameters of blasting design and accurately feedback construction, to ensure the safety of construction process and the stability of surrounding rock. Through the analysis of monitoring data, it is found that the failure of surrounding rock stability is related not only to the amplitude, but also to the frequency and duration of vibration, and to the nature of the surrounding rock and the cumulative effect of blasting earthquakes. In this paper, combined with the Xiaomi slope tunnel blasting project of Guiyang Mayor's Kunming passenger dedicated Line, the main results obtained are as follows: 1. The overall blasting construction scheme is optimized, and the optimized blasting scheme is used in the field construction test. According to the blasting construction plan before optimization, the blasting vibration acts on the lining through the surrounding rock and causes damage, and the corresponding blasting construction record and the corresponding blasting vibration test value are obtained, which will play a certain guiding role in the construction in the future, according to the blasting construction plan before the optimization, the blasting vibration acts on the lining through the surrounding rock and causes damage. The peak values of blasting vibration measured before optimization are all on the high side, resulting in cracks in the short distance lining. After optimization, the peak values of blasting vibration are less than 1.5 m / s, according to this scheme, there is no obvious crack after construction. Through the optimization of blasting overall plan and blasting design parameters, as well as the consolidation of field blasting vibration test value and waveform, It can be found that the peak value of blasting vibration is within the control value, and there is no damage in the control value, so the optimization scheme is reasonable and feasible, and has guiding significance for practical engineering. It is reasonable to draw up the measuring line for blasting vibration test, and the choice of vibration instrument is scientific.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TD235

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本文編號(hào)：2143932