堅硬頂板跨上山開采技術(shù)研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-20 19:12
【摘要】：隨著我國用煤量的逐年上升,開采量逐年的加大,開采難度的提高,開采過程中事故是常有發(fā)生。堅硬頂板的巖層組成成分又是千差萬別,再加上頂板冒落沒有明顯的預(yù)兆和產(chǎn)生巨大的沖擊荷載的特征,使得堅硬頂板的控制工作也是難上加難。由于頂板控制難度之大,再加上瓦斯、透水、火災(zāi)等一些重要因素的影響,這樣就使得我國煤炭的采儲量受到一定程度的制約。因此,煤礦開采之前要弄清楚具體的開采地質(zhì)情況以及利用的科學(xué)技術(shù)手段是至關(guān)重要的。隨著跨上山開采技術(shù)的應(yīng)用,使得大量煤柱的開采不再被浪費。那么,為我國能源的使用延續(xù)了時間。本文是以臨汾天煜恒f煤業(yè)9202綜放面跨上山開采為工程研究背景,通過現(xiàn)場實測數(shù)據(jù)的收集和整理、實驗室對巖樣的分析、對建立的力學(xué)模型計算以及FLAC3D的數(shù)值模擬等一些研究手段,對在堅硬頂板條件下的跨上山開采技術(shù)進行了深入的研究,得出工作面在安全開采的前提下,實現(xiàn)了工作面的跨上山開采技術(shù),提高了該礦的經(jīng)濟和社會效益。首先,詳細闡述了臨汾天煜恒f煤業(yè)9202綜放面跨上山開采工程概況,三條上山的支護與布置方式及跨上山兩種方案的提出。通過實驗室的單軸、三軸壓縮實驗,繪制了應(yīng)力應(yīng)變曲線,并將所得的實驗結(jié)果與工作面巖樣物理力學(xué)性質(zhì)中的容重、抗壓抗拉強度等參數(shù)值進行了比較,數(shù)據(jù)基本一致,可為數(shù)值計算及理論分析提供依據(jù)。其次,運用FLAC3D軟件,對9202工作面所在頂?shù)装骞?個巖層分別進行了模擬。由應(yīng)力圖看出,機巷附近的壓應(yīng)力要比風巷小,風巷周邊局部圍巖的拉應(yīng)力比機巷周邊圍巖應(yīng)力大。通過三條上山以后,風巷的壓應(yīng)力達到了52MPa;工作面頂?shù)装宓睦瓚?yīng)力也同時達到了最大值約1.05MPa。依次跨過三條上山時,由塑性圖知,塑性區(qū)域的分布越來越廣,并逐漸向頂?shù)装鍞U展。采場前后方斷面主要承受的是剪切力,容易引起剪切破壞。隨著工作面的推進,頂板懸空面積在增大,產(chǎn)生垂直位移的區(qū)域也在增大,隨著跨上山開采,最大位移區(qū)域是處在工作面頂板的中央。位移值是不斷增大的,最大位移約為581.49mm。最后,對來壓步距的力學(xué)模型進行理論分析計算,得出初次來壓的步距范圍是22.00~49.97m,這與現(xiàn)場實測30m初次來壓步距比較接近。周期來壓步距范圍為7.21~14.49m,與現(xiàn)場實際的12~18m的范圍差距不大,而且計算值14.49m與現(xiàn)場所測值很接近。還對支架工作阻力兩個模型進行了計算,當考慮老頂對直接頂支撐力的作用時,不管只是考慮頂煤或者只是考慮直接頂板或者考慮頂煤和直接頂板全部高度都存在碎矸石的支撐力,支架都能滿足要求。當不考慮老頂對直接頂支撐力時,只有當頂煤和直接頂板全部高度部分都存在碎矸石提供支撐力的時候,支架才能剛好滿足有效支撐的要求。
[Abstract]:With the increase of coal consumption, the increase of mining capacity and the increase of mining difficulty, accidents often occur in the process of mining. The rock composition of hard roof is very different, and the roof caving has no obvious omen and great impact load, which makes it more difficult to control hard roof. Because of the difficulty of roof control and the influence of some important factors, such as gas, water permeability, fire and so on, the mining reserves of coal in China are restricted to a certain extent. Therefore, it is important to find out the specific geological conditions and the scientific and technological means before mining. With the application of mining technology, a large number of coal pillar mining is no longer wasted. So, the use of energy for our country to continue for a long time. This paper is based on the engineering research background of 9202 fully mechanized top-coal caving face of Linfen Tianyu Hengfen coal industry. Through the collection and collation of field measured data, the laboratory analysis of rock samples is carried out. Based on the calculation of mechanical model and numerical simulation of FLAC3D, this paper makes a deep research on the mining technology of stepping up the mountain under the condition of hard roof, and draws the conclusion that the working face is in the premise of safe mining. The technology of cross-hill mining has been realized, and the economic and social benefits of the mine have been improved. Firstly, the paper expounds in detail the general situation of the 9202 fully mechanized top coal caving face of Linfen Tianyu Hengfen coal mining project, the support and arrangement of three uphill, and the two schemes of climbing the mountain. Through uniaxial and triaxial compression experiments in the laboratory, the stress-strain curves are drawn, and the experimental results are compared with the physical and mechanical properties of the working face, such as bulk density, compressive and tensile strength, etc. It can provide basis for numerical calculation and theoretical analysis. Secondly, using FLAC3D software, 7 strata of roof and floor in 9202 face are simulated. It can be seen from the stress diagram that the compressive stress near the machine lane is smaller than that in the wind tunnel, and the tensile stress of the surrounding rock around the wind lane is larger than that around the machine roadway. After three hills, the compressive stress of the wind roadway reaches 52 MPA, and the tensile stress of the roof and floor of the working face reaches the maximum value of about 1 05 MPA at the same time. When we cross the three mountains in turn, we can see from the plastic diagram that the plastic region is more and more widely distributed, and gradually extends to the top and bottom plate. The front and rear face is mainly subjected to shear force, which is easy to cause shear failure. With the advance of the working face, the area of roof overhang is increasing, and the area of vertical displacement is also increasing. With the mining up the mountain, the maximum displacement area is located in the center of the roof of the working face. The maximum displacement is about 581.49mm. Finally, the theoretical analysis and calculation of the mechanical model of the initial pressure step are carried out, and it is concluded that the range of the initial pressure step is 22.00 m 49.97 m, which is close to the initial pressure step distance of 30 m measured in the field. The range of periodic pressure step is 7.21 ~ 14.49 m, which is not far from the actual range of 12 ~ 18 m, and the calculated value of 14.49 m is very close to the measured value. Two models of support resistance are also calculated. When considering the effect of the main roof on the support force of the direct roof, Whether considering the roof coal or the direct roof or considering that all the height of the top coal and the direct roof have the support of the gangue, the support can meet the requirements. When the supporting force of the main roof to the direct roof is not considered, the support can meet the requirement of effective support only when the coal roof and the direct roof all the height part of the coal and the direct roof all have the broken gangue to provide the supporting force.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TD823.97
本文編號：2134487
[Abstract]:With the increase of coal consumption, the increase of mining capacity and the increase of mining difficulty, accidents often occur in the process of mining. The rock composition of hard roof is very different, and the roof caving has no obvious omen and great impact load, which makes it more difficult to control hard roof. Because of the difficulty of roof control and the influence of some important factors, such as gas, water permeability, fire and so on, the mining reserves of coal in China are restricted to a certain extent. Therefore, it is important to find out the specific geological conditions and the scientific and technological means before mining. With the application of mining technology, a large number of coal pillar mining is no longer wasted. So, the use of energy for our country to continue for a long time. This paper is based on the engineering research background of 9202 fully mechanized top-coal caving face of Linfen Tianyu Hengfen coal industry. Through the collection and collation of field measured data, the laboratory analysis of rock samples is carried out. Based on the calculation of mechanical model and numerical simulation of FLAC3D, this paper makes a deep research on the mining technology of stepping up the mountain under the condition of hard roof, and draws the conclusion that the working face is in the premise of safe mining. The technology of cross-hill mining has been realized, and the economic and social benefits of the mine have been improved. Firstly, the paper expounds in detail the general situation of the 9202 fully mechanized top coal caving face of Linfen Tianyu Hengfen coal mining project, the support and arrangement of three uphill, and the two schemes of climbing the mountain. Through uniaxial and triaxial compression experiments in the laboratory, the stress-strain curves are drawn, and the experimental results are compared with the physical and mechanical properties of the working face, such as bulk density, compressive and tensile strength, etc. It can provide basis for numerical calculation and theoretical analysis. Secondly, using FLAC3D software, 7 strata of roof and floor in 9202 face are simulated. It can be seen from the stress diagram that the compressive stress near the machine lane is smaller than that in the wind tunnel, and the tensile stress of the surrounding rock around the wind lane is larger than that around the machine roadway. After three hills, the compressive stress of the wind roadway reaches 52 MPA, and the tensile stress of the roof and floor of the working face reaches the maximum value of about 1 05 MPA at the same time. When we cross the three mountains in turn, we can see from the plastic diagram that the plastic region is more and more widely distributed, and gradually extends to the top and bottom plate. The front and rear face is mainly subjected to shear force, which is easy to cause shear failure. With the advance of the working face, the area of roof overhang is increasing, and the area of vertical displacement is also increasing. With the mining up the mountain, the maximum displacement area is located in the center of the roof of the working face. The maximum displacement is about 581.49mm. Finally, the theoretical analysis and calculation of the mechanical model of the initial pressure step are carried out, and it is concluded that the range of the initial pressure step is 22.00 m 49.97 m, which is close to the initial pressure step distance of 30 m measured in the field. The range of periodic pressure step is 7.21 ~ 14.49 m, which is not far from the actual range of 12 ~ 18 m, and the calculated value of 14.49 m is very close to the measured value. Two models of support resistance are also calculated. When considering the effect of the main roof on the support force of the direct roof, Whether considering the roof coal or the direct roof or considering that all the height of the top coal and the direct roof have the support of the gangue, the support can meet the requirements. When the supporting force of the main roof to the direct roof is not considered, the support can meet the requirement of effective support only when the coal roof and the direct roof all the height part of the coal and the direct roof all have the broken gangue to provide the supporting force.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TD823.97
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