【摘要】：通過(guò)摩擦碰撞使有用礦物與脈石礦物帶上異號(hào)電荷是礦物進(jìn)行摩擦電選分離的前提,如何使礦粒盡可能帶上多的電荷量和均勻荷電,則決定電選分離效果和處理能力的提高,也是推動(dòng)摩擦電選大規(guī)模應(yīng)用于生產(chǎn)的核心問(wèn)題,因此在摩擦電選中非常重視摩擦荷電方式的研究。礦粒在氣流帶動(dòng)下摩擦荷電已被證明是一種高效和有前途的摩擦荷電方式,不僅荷電量高,而且適應(yīng)礦石性質(zhì)廣。但在氣流帶動(dòng)礦粒摩擦荷電過(guò)程中,除了受物料性質(zhì)及操作參數(shù)影響外,荷電器結(jié)構(gòu)具有重要的影響,通過(guò)研究新型荷電器及氣固二相流運(yùn)動(dòng)特性,對(duì)推動(dòng)摩擦電選的發(fā)展具有重要的理論意義和實(shí)踐價(jià)值。論文在分析氣流帶動(dòng)礦粒摩擦荷電的影響因素的基礎(chǔ)上,建立了荷電器內(nèi)氣固二相流動(dòng)力學(xué)方程,通過(guò)研究對(duì)比不同摩擦荷電器的結(jié)構(gòu)及效果,設(shè)計(jì)了沖擊式氣流摩擦荷電器、鋸齒波型氣流摩擦荷電器、正弦波型氣流摩擦荷電器以及斜板式氣流摩擦荷電器等四種新型的摩擦荷電器。采用數(shù)值模擬對(duì)四種不同結(jié)構(gòu)的氣流摩擦荷電器進(jìn)行了結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)和工作參數(shù)的數(shù)值模擬研究,并采用現(xiàn)代高速攝像技術(shù)對(duì)模擬結(jié)果進(jìn)行了實(shí)證。數(shù)值模擬研究表明,沖擊式氣流摩擦荷電器、鋸齒波型氣流摩擦荷電器、正弦波型氣流摩擦荷電器以及斜板式氣流摩擦荷電器都能夠使礦粒發(fā)生頻繁且劇烈的摩擦碰撞,有益于礦粒的摩擦荷電。四種不同結(jié)構(gòu)的摩擦荷電器各自具有不同的優(yōu)點(diǎn),其中沖擊式氣流摩擦荷電器具有確保絕大部分礦粒都能發(fā)生摩擦碰撞的優(yōu)點(diǎn)；鋸齒波型氣流摩擦荷電器摩擦碰撞最為劇烈,但容易發(fā)生積礦,影響荷電器工作的連續(xù)性；正弦波型氣流摩擦荷電器由于摩擦板曲率變化較為平滑,礦物堆積相對(duì)鋸齒波式荷電器相對(duì)較少,但摩擦荷電效果亦較差：斜板式氣流摩擦荷電器是礦粒分散性最好的荷電器結(jié)構(gòu)。但是在實(shí)證試驗(yàn)中,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)部分氣流荷電器結(jié)構(gòu)都存在少量的積礦現(xiàn)象,需在后續(xù)工作中需對(duì)其結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化。
[Abstract]:To separate useful minerals from gangue minerals by friction and collision is the prerequisite for separation of minerals by friction electroseparation. How to make ore particles carry as much charge as possible and uniform charge will determine the improvement of separation effect and processing ability. It is also the core problem to promote the large-scale application of friction electricity separation in production, so the research of friction charge mode is very important in friction electricity selection. Friction charge of ore particles driven by air flow has been proved to be an efficient and promising friction charging method, which not only has high charge capacity, but also adapts to a wide range of ore properties. However, in the process of frictional charging of ore particles driven by airflow, the structure of charging apparatus is affected by the properties of materials and operation parameters, and the motion characteristics of new type of charging apparatus and gas-solid two-phase flow are studied. It has important theoretical significance and practical value to promote the development of friction electricity separation. On the basis of analyzing the influence factors of frictional charge of ore particles driven by airflow, the dynamic equation of gas-solid two-phase flow in charged electric appliance is established. By studying and comparing the structure and effect of different friction-loaded electrical apparatus, the impact-type friction charging apparatus is designed. There are four new types of friction loaders, such as sawtooth wave, sine wave and oblique plate. The numerical simulation of the structure parameters and working parameters of four kinds of air flow friction charging apparatus with different structures is carried out by numerical simulation. The simulation results are demonstrated by modern high speed camera technology. The numerical simulation results show that the impact air friction charge, the sawtooth air friction load, the sine wave air flow friction charge and the inclined plate friction charge can cause frequent and violent friction collisions of ore particles. It is beneficial to the friction charge of ore particles. The four kinds of friction charging apparatus with different structures have different advantages, among which the impact air flow friction charging apparatus has the advantages of ensuring that most of the ore particles can be frictional collided, the sawtooth wave type air flow friction charge apparatus has the most severe friction collision, However, it is easy to deposit ore, which affects the continuity of the work of the electric charging apparatus, the sinusoidal air flow friction charge apparatus is relatively smooth because of the change of the curvature of the friction plate, and the mineral accumulation is relatively less than that of the sawtooth wave type. However, the effect of friction charge is also poor: the inclined plate type friction charging apparatus is the best structure for the dispersity of ore particles. However, in the empirical test, we find that there is a small amount of ore-accumulation in the structure of some pneumatic charging appliances, and further optimization of the structure design is needed in the follow-up work.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TD91

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