【摘要】：酸性礦山廢水主要來源于金屬礦山采礦、礦石加工及尾礦的堆放等過程。其具有pH值低、重金屬和硫酸鹽含量高等特點(diǎn)，是污染環(huán)境和影響人類健康的主要因素之一，如直接排放會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境及人和動(dòng)植物造成極大的危害。目前處理這類廢水的方法較多，其中利用硫酸鹽還原菌(SRB)微生物法因其具有處理費(fèi)用低，無二次污染，工藝穩(wěn)定，可處理多種金屬等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，已成為國(guó)內(nèi)外研究的焦點(diǎn)。隨著對(duì)該方法的深入研究，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)，經(jīng)濟(jì)適用的碳源和廢水的pH值是SRB法處理礦山廢水的瓶頸，這兩個(gè)因素也是制約SRB法用于工業(yè)化處理礦山廢水的主要因素。 本文以吉林省萬國(guó)黃金股份有限公司黃金冶煉廠的酸性礦山廢水（模擬）為研究對(duì)象，以城市生活污水作為稀釋劑和部分碳源，利用SRB法處理用城市生活污水稀釋后的酸性礦山廢水。 （1）實(shí)驗(yàn)探索了城市生活污水在不同溫度下連續(xù)七天內(nèi)多種無機(jī)離子及其它成分（包括酸度、堿度、化學(xué)需氧量、氧化還原電位、揮發(fā)性脂肪酸、氨態(tài)氮、總氮、總磷及硫酸根等）的變化規(guī)律，結(jié)果表明，城市生活污水中無機(jī)離子的濃度基本不變。其它成分有一定的變化，但變化不大�？梢�，在用城市生活污水稀釋礦山廢水時(shí)，不會(huì)因時(shí)間、溫度等因素引起水質(zhì)的大幅變化，而影響SRB的生長(zhǎng)及活性。 （2）研究了城市生活污水稀釋酸性礦山廢水時(shí)，稀釋倍數(shù)、城市生活污水的成分與pH值變化的關(guān)系，發(fā)現(xiàn)城市生活污水對(duì)廢水的酸度有很大的緩沖能力，可有效的提高酸性水的pH值。但由于不同金屬離子水解的酸度不同，因此，不同金屬離子單獨(dú)存在時(shí)，稀釋相同的倍數(shù)，pH值的改變不盡相同�？傊谙♂尡稊�(shù)為10左右時(shí)，，酸性礦山廢水的pH值均可接近6，可達(dá)到SRB法處理廢水的適合范圍。 （3）對(duì)SRB在不同碳源條件下的活性進(jìn)行研究，可知，城市生活污水可以提供SRB生長(zhǎng)所需的部分碳源，當(dāng)加入其他輔助碳源，如加入大豆粕時(shí)，可以提高SRB的活性。 （4）在上述實(shí)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上，以大豆粕為輔助碳源，用SRB法處理城市生活污水稀釋的酸性礦山廢水。研究了進(jìn)水的pH值、硫酸根濃度和碳硫比對(duì)處理廢水效果的影響。結(jié)果表明，經(jīng)處理后體系中的各成分均有變化，但變化趨勢(shì)不同。進(jìn)水pH=4.5時(shí)，出水的pH值也達(dá)到6.71，進(jìn)水硫酸根濃度為1200mg/L時(shí)，硫酸根去除率可達(dá)82.6%，各金屬離子均有較高的去除率，同時(shí)確定了最佳C/S為2.0。 綜上實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果可見，利用SRB法處理酸性礦山廢水時(shí)，城市生活污水作稀釋劑是可行的，它既可調(diào)節(jié)廢水的酸度，又可提供SRB生長(zhǎng)所需的部分碳源，使SRB法處理酸性礦山廢水實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)化成為可能。
[Abstract]:Acid mine wastewater mainly comes from metal mining, ore processing and tailings stacking. It has the characteristics of low pH value and high content of heavy metals and sulfate. It is one of the main factors that pollute the environment and affect human health, such as direct discharge will cause great harm to the environment, human beings and animals and plants. At present, there are many methods to treat this kind of wastewater, among which, the use of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) microorganism method has become the focus of domestic and international research because of its advantages of low cost, no secondary pollution, stable process and the ability to treat many kinds of metals. With the thorough study of this method, it is found that the economical and applicable carbon source and the pH value of wastewater are the bottleneck of SRB process for mine wastewater treatment, and these two factors are also the main factors restricting SRB process in industrial treatment of mine wastewater. In this paper, the acid mine wastewater (simulated) from gold smelter of Wanguo Gold Co., Ltd., Jilin Province, is studied. The municipal domestic sewage is used as diluent and part of carbon source. SRB method was used to treat acidic mine wastewater diluted with municipal domestic sewage. (1) various inorganic ions and other components (including acidity, alkalinity, chemical oxygen demand) of municipal domestic sewage at different temperatures for seven days were investigated. The changes of redox potential, volatile fatty acids, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and sulphate were studied. The results showed that the concentration of inorganic ions in municipal sewage was almost unchanged. Other ingredients vary, but not so much. It can be seen that when the mine wastewater is diluted with municipal domestic sewage, the growth and activity of SRB will not be affected by time, temperature and other factors. (2) when the municipal domestic sewage dilutes the acid mine wastewater, The relationship between the composition of municipal domestic sewage and the pH value is discussed. It is found that municipal domestic sewage has a large buffer capacity to the acidity of wastewater, which can effectively improve the pH value of acidic water. But the acidity of hydrolysis of different metal ions is different, so the change of pH value of diluting the same multiple is different when different metal ions exist alone. In a word, when the dilution multiple is about 10, the pH value of acid mine wastewater can be close to 6, which can reach the suitable range of SRB process for wastewater treatment. (3) the activity of SRB under different carbon sources is studied. Municipal domestic sewage can provide some carbon sources for the growth of SRB. Adding other auxiliary carbon sources, such as soybean meal, can improve the activity of SRB. (4) on the basis of the above experiments, soybean meal is used as a supplementary carbon source. The SRB process was used to treat the acid mine wastewater diluted by municipal domestic sewage. The effects of influent pH value, sulfate concentration and C / S ratio on wastewater treatment were studied. The results showed that all the components in the treated system changed, but the trend was different. When the influent pH value is 4.5, the effluent pH value is 6.71, and the sulfate removal rate can reach 82.6 when the influent sulfate concentration is 1200 mg / L, and the removal rate of each metal ion is higher. At the same time, the optimum C- / S is determined to be 2.0. The experimental results show that it is feasible to use SRB as diluent in treating acid mine wastewater, which can not only adjust the acidity of wastewater, but also provide some carbon sources for SRB growth. It is possible to industrialize the treatment of acid mine wastewater by SRB process.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X753;X799.3

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