【摘要】：礦用自卸車作為大型露天礦山的主要運(yùn)輸工具,其需求量迅速增加,這使得礦用自卸車極具市場(chǎng)前景與研究?jī)r(jià)值。與此同時(shí),由于自卸車朝著大裝載量方向發(fā)展,其工作行駛條件十分惡劣,路面顛簸不平,不穩(wěn)定因素復(fù)雜,礦用自卸車的行駛、制動(dòng)、操作穩(wěn)定性等運(yùn)動(dòng)特性分析也就成為必須要解決的問(wèn)題。但是,目前礦用自卸車性能指標(biāo)無(wú)行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)商家尚無(wú)實(shí)車道路試驗(yàn)的條件并且需要極高的技術(shù)含量、造價(jià)昂貴。礦用自卸車的設(shè)計(jì)和分析多采用多體動(dòng)力學(xué)理論,使用虛擬樣機(jī)及試驗(yàn)技術(shù),建立礦用自卸車整車的動(dòng)力學(xué)仿真模型進(jìn)行仿真。自卸車在開(kāi)發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中,可以多次試制,最大限度的減少試驗(yàn)的次數(shù),大大減少設(shè)計(jì)人員工作量。因此,建立礦用自卸車整車的動(dòng)力學(xué)模型來(lái)研究其特性,已成為日后研究礦用自卸車的重要方法。對(duì)自卸車的定量分析,很大程度依賴于建立的動(dòng)力學(xué)模型的精度,而模型結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)對(duì)其影響是不言而喻的。因而本文對(duì)自卸車懸架剛度和阻尼進(jìn)行分析計(jì)算,并對(duì)主銷內(nèi)傾角、主銷后傾角、前輪外傾角以及前輪前束進(jìn)行優(yōu)化分析。這就為建立動(dòng)力學(xué)模型做了充分的準(zhǔn)備。本文主要從以下幾個(gè)研究方面展開(kāi)：1.在Solidworks中建立某重型礦用自卸車幾何模型,為運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)及動(dòng)力學(xué)仿真分析做準(zhǔn)備。2.簡(jiǎn)介ADAMS,建立ADAMS整車模型并添加約束。3.對(duì)前輪定位參數(shù)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)優(yōu)化,得出較好的定位參數(shù)值。4.根據(jù)國(guó)標(biāo)QC/T480-1999的要求,對(duì)操縱穩(wěn)定性進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),結(jié)果表明該自卸車具有一定的轉(zhuǎn)向不足特性,整車操縱穩(wěn)定性基本符合要求。5.建立了基于軟硬路面的整車動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,利用MATLAB進(jìn)行軟硬路面操縱穩(wěn)定性仿真并進(jìn)行對(duì)比,結(jié)果表明軟路面更加接近實(shí)際,操縱穩(wěn)定性表現(xiàn)要差一些,從而證實(shí)軟路面對(duì)自卸車仿真分析的必要性。本文建立了重型礦用自卸車三維模型,對(duì)前輪定位參數(shù)優(yōu)化后,在多體動(dòng)力學(xué)軟件中進(jìn)行了操縱穩(wěn)定性仿真,得到了自卸車在典型工況的行駛性能、操縱穩(wěn)定性性能指標(biāo),最后利用MATLAB進(jìn)行軟路面操縱穩(wěn)定性仿真,并與剛性路面仿真進(jìn)行對(duì)比,為設(shè)計(jì)改進(jìn)重型礦車提供參考,同時(shí)也為后續(xù)礦用自卸車的研究提供一種思路。
[Abstract]:As the main transportation tool of large open pit mine, the demand of mine dump truck is increasing rapidly, which makes mine dump truck have great market prospect and research value. At the same time, due to the development of the dump truck towards the direction of large loading capacity, its working conditions are very bad, the road surface is bumpy, the unstable factors are complicated, the driving and braking of the mine dump truck, The analysis of motion characteristics such as operational stability becomes a problem that must be solved. However, at present, there is no industry standard for the performance index of mine dump truck, and the domestic manufacturers do not have the condition of road test of real vehicle, and need very high technology content, so the cost is very high. In the design and analysis of mine dump truck, the theory of multi-body dynamics is adopted, and the dynamic simulation model of mine dump truck is established by using virtual prototype and test technology. In the process of development and design, the dump truck can be trial-produced many times to minimize the number of tests and greatly reduce the workload of the designer. Therefore, it has become an important method to study the characteristics of mine dump truck in the future by establishing the dynamic model of mine dump truck. The quantitative analysis of dump truck depends on the precision of the dynamic model to a great extent, and the influence of the structural parameters of the model on it is self-evident. In this paper, the stiffness and damping of the suspension of the dump truck are analyzed and calculated, and the internal inclination angle of the main pin, the rear inclination angle of the main pin, the outside inclination angle of the front wheel and the front beam of the front wheel are optimized. This makes sufficient preparation for the establishment of a dynamic model. This article mainly starts from the following several aspects of research: 1. A geometry model of a heavy mine dump truck is established in Solidworks, which prepares for kinematics and dynamics simulation analysis. Introduce Adams, build Adams model and add constraint. 3. 3. The design and optimization of the front wheel positioning parameters are carried out, and a better positioning parameter value. 4. 4 is obtained. According to the requirement of QC / T 480-1999, the handling stability of the dump truck is evaluated. The results show that the dump truck has some understeering characteristics, and the handling stability of the whole truck basically meets the requirement .5. The dynamic model of the whole vehicle based on the soft and hard pavement is established, and the simulation and comparison of the handling and stability of the soft and hard pavement with MATLAB are carried out. The results show that the soft pavement is closer to the actual situation, and the performance of handling and stability is worse. The necessity of simulation analysis of soft road face dump truck is proved. In this paper, a three-dimensional model of heavy mine dump truck is established. After optimizing the positioning parameters of the front wheel, the maneuvering stability simulation is carried out in the multi-body dynamics software, and the driving performance and handling stability performance index of the dump truck under typical working conditions are obtained. Finally, MATLAB is used to simulate the handling and stability of soft pavement, and compared with the simulation of rigid pavement, which provides a reference for the design and improvement of heavy mine truck, and also provides a way of thinking for the follow-up study of mine dump truck.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TD57

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本文編號(hào)：2121404