本文選題：自然崩落法 + 普朗銅礦　； 參考：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國(guó)是一個(gè)礦產(chǎn)資源豐富的國(guó)家,但是人均占有量低,多為低品位的貧礦,資源的綜合利用率水平低于世界先進(jìn)國(guó)家。多年來(lái)我國(guó)地下開(kāi)采都處于"采富留貧"的開(kāi)采模式,資源不足已嚴(yán)重制約了我國(guó)的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。隨著礦產(chǎn)資源需求量的日益增加,對(duì)低品位資源的開(kāi)發(fā)利用也成為未來(lái)我國(guó)發(fā)展的必然趨勢(shì)。自然崩落法具有成本低、生產(chǎn)能力大、組織管理簡(jiǎn)便等諸多優(yōu)點(diǎn),備受國(guó)內(nèi)外礦山企業(yè)的青睞。但是自然崩落法對(duì)礦山開(kāi)采技術(shù)條件和生產(chǎn)管理水平要求十分苛刻,這也制約了它在我國(guó)的推廣運(yùn)用。其中自然崩落法的底部結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性和其它地下工程相比具有更復(fù)雜的特殊性,隨著拉底、礦石崩落、礦石放出的工藝流程,底部機(jī)構(gòu)往往產(chǎn)生較大變形與破壞,這已經(jīng)成為了制約自然崩落法推廣應(yīng)用的關(guān)鍵性難題。本文根據(jù)普朗銅礦首采區(qū)的工程地質(zhì)情況,結(jié)合"普朗銅礦自然崩落法底部結(jié)構(gòu)破壞機(jī)制及穩(wěn)定性研究"項(xiàng)目,對(duì)自然崩法礦山底部結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性展開(kāi)理論與應(yīng)用技術(shù)研究。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容及結(jié)論,如下:(1)對(duì)普朗銅礦首采區(qū)開(kāi)展工程地質(zhì)調(diào)查,分析巖石力學(xué)參數(shù)。研究自然崩落法采礦工藝對(duì)底部結(jié)構(gòu)的影響因素。(2)采用不同拉底方案對(duì)底部結(jié)構(gòu)的影響進(jìn)行分析,得出前進(jìn)式拉底最大主應(yīng)力低于后退式拉底,桃形礦柱上的拉應(yīng)力值及拉應(yīng)力區(qū)域面積也明顯低于后退式拉底,分析結(jié)果表明采用前進(jìn)式拉底方式對(duì)底部結(jié)構(gòu)的穩(wěn)定性更有利。(3)底部結(jié)構(gòu)巷道通過(guò)斷層時(shí),對(duì)不同傾角、不同厚度的斷層進(jìn)行分析研究,巷道開(kāi)挖時(shí),應(yīng)力釋放區(qū)域主要發(fā)生在斷層內(nèi),斷層傾角越大最大主應(yīng)力值減小,斷層厚度增大,巷道圍巖變形量和塑性區(qū)均增大。并提出注漿+噴錨支護(hù)能降低噴砼的厚度,取得較好的支護(hù)效果。(4)針對(duì)拉底端部出礦巷道處于高應(yīng)力的情況,提出拉底兩端的巷道應(yīng)加強(qiáng)支護(hù),對(duì)不同巖體分區(qū)底部結(jié)構(gòu)出礦穿脈提出不同的支護(hù)措施。對(duì)底部結(jié)構(gòu)容易破壞的放礦口眉線處,提出采用橫梁支護(hù)能夠代替鋼拱架支護(hù)的方案。(5)針對(duì)普朗銅礦實(shí)測(cè)圖建立模型,分析得出在裝礦進(jìn)路與出礦穿脈交叉口的地方會(huì)出現(xiàn)應(yīng)力集中現(xiàn)象,礦柱尖端部分的面積越小時(shí),應(yīng)力集中現(xiàn)象越明顯。
[Abstract]:China is a country rich in mineral resources, but its per capita share is low, most of which are poor ores of low grade, and the comprehensive utilization level of resources is lower than that of advanced countries in the world. For many years, underground mining in China has been in the pattern of "mining rich and leaving poor", and the shortage of resources has seriously restricted the social and economic development of our country. With the increasing demand for mineral resources, the development and utilization of low-grade resources has become an inevitable trend in the future. Natural caving method has many advantages, such as low cost, large production capacity, simple organization and management, etc. But the natural caving method is very strict to the mining technical condition and the production management level, which also restricts its popularization and application in our country. The stability of the bottom structure of the natural caving method is more complicated than that of other underground projects. With the process of bottom drawing, ore caving and ore releasing, the bottom mechanism often produces large deformation and destruction. This has become a key problem restricting the application of natural caving method. Based on the engineering geology of the first mining area of Plang Copper Mine and the project of "study on the failure Mechanism and Stability of the bottom structure of the Natural caving method in Plang Copper Mine", the theoretical and applied research on the stability of the bottom structure of the natural caving method is carried out in this paper. The main research contents and conclusions are as follows: (1) Engineering geological investigation was carried out in the first mining area of Plang Copper Mine and rock mechanics parameters were analyzed. The influence factors of natural caving mining technology on the bottom structure are studied. (2) the influence of different bottom drawing schemes on the bottom structure is analyzed, and the maximum principal stress of the forward drawing bottom is lower than that of the backward drawing bottom. The values of tensile stress and the area of tensile stress area on peach pillar are also obviously lower than those of receding bottom. The analysis results show that the stability of bottom structure is more favorable to the way of forward drawing bottom. (3) when the roadway of bottom structure passes through fault, different inclination angle is obtained. In the excavation of roadway, the stress releasing area mainly occurs in the fault. The greater the dip angle of the fault, the smaller the maximum principal stress value, the greater the thickness of the fault, the larger the deformation and the plastic zone of the surrounding rock of the roadway. It is pointed out that grouting bolting can reduce the thickness of shotcreting concrete and obtain better support effect. (4) in view of the situation that the roadway of drawing bottom end is in high stress, the support of roadway at both ends of bottom drawing should be strengthened. Different supporting measures are put forward for different subzone bottom structure of rock mass. For the eyebrow line of ore drawing where the bottom structure is easy to be destroyed, the paper puts forward a scheme that the cross beam support can replace the steel arch support. (5) the model is established for the measured drawing of Plang Copper Mine. It is concluded that stress concentration will occur at the intersection of ore loading route and ore exit vein, and the smaller the area of pillar tip is, the more obvious the stress concentration phenomenon will be.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TD862.1;TD853.364

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