本文選題：開采沉陷 + 積水解譯　； 參考：《中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,煤炭資源需求量變大,大面積煤炭資源開采后帶來的水土資源問題也日益突出。本文基于地理信息、遙感及沉陷預(yù)測技術(shù),結(jié)合濟(jì)寧市的各項資料,重點探討了采煤沉陷區(qū)時空演變對濟(jì)寧水土資源的影響,并初步研究了引黃充填修復(fù)過程的約束機(jī)制和協(xié)調(diào)措施。通過研究得到如下成果:(1)構(gòu)建了依據(jù)煤炭產(chǎn)量估算沉陷面積、體積的方法,結(jié)合概率積分法模型開發(fā)了任意形狀工作面沉陷預(yù)計程序,對濟(jì)寧市的沉陷情況進(jìn)行了模擬和預(yù)測;運用遙感與地理信息技術(shù)等手段,建立了沉陷積水區(qū)提取模型,獲取了濟(jì)寧市1984~2013年枯水期的沉陷積水信息的變化情況。(2)根據(jù)開采沉陷預(yù)測結(jié)果和沉陷積水解譯結(jié)果,分析了濟(jì)寧市采煤沉陷時空格局及其變化規(guī)律,結(jié)果表明:隨著采礦活動的增強(qiáng),沉陷區(qū)的規(guī)模逐漸擴(kuò)大,但增長速度不同年份差別較大,近年來由于“邊沉陷邊治理”等原因,增長速度開始放緩,沉陷區(qū)主要集中在任城、兗州、鄒城、微山等地,由點向面逐漸擴(kuò)大,在其他地區(qū)多呈零散不規(guī)則現(xiàn)狀分布;沉陷積水面積與累計原煤產(chǎn)量、采礦點的分布密切相關(guān),積水區(qū)主要分布在兗州、任城等地,且已逐漸連成一片。(3)采煤沉陷對地表匯流的影響源頭在于地形、地勢的改變,將開采沉陷預(yù)計與GIS水文分析相結(jié)合,建立了采煤沉陷區(qū)匯流范圍提取模型和匯流積水計算模型,結(jié)合沉陷預(yù)計結(jié)果,分析了動態(tài)采煤過程與沉陷區(qū)地表匯流之間的關(guān)系,研究表明:沉陷區(qū)匯流面積、積水承載力和滯留水量隨累計原煤產(chǎn)量的增加而日益增大,但增長幅度差別較大;沉陷區(qū)與地表徑流的相對位置關(guān)系及自身地形、地勢情況決定了沉陷區(qū)匯流面積和滯留水量的大小。(4)根據(jù)北部引黃充填治理區(qū)不同時期的引水量、需沙量,從引水取沙能力、引水取沙時間、管道輸沙能力、泥沙充填排水工藝的角度分析了引黃充修復(fù)過程的約束機(jī)制并提出了相應(yīng)的改進(jìn)措施,研究表明:引水取沙能力能滿足新增沉陷區(qū)的復(fù)墾需求,但不能滿足現(xiàn)狀年存量的復(fù)墾需求,可采用“先增量,后存量”的方法將存量逐步消化;由于黃河來水年內(nèi)分布不均且春季大部分來水已被引用,復(fù)墾工程實施的時間應(yīng)盡向汛期及冬季適當(dāng)延長;管道輸沙能力與復(fù)墾所需的輸沙管道數(shù)量呈反比,可通過優(yōu)選設(shè)備,優(yōu)化參數(shù)的方法提高管道輸沙能力;針對現(xiàn)有工藝存在的充填效率低等問題,擬采取“修筑交錯田埂”等措施以加快泥沙沉降速度、提高排水效率;最后,針對復(fù)墾工程的排水渠道問題,提出了將水排至南水北調(diào)東線工程的輸水河道等解決方案。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's economy, the demand for coal resources has become larger, and the problems of soil and water resources brought about by the exploitation of large areas of coal resources have become increasingly prominent. Based on the geographic information, remote sensing and subsidence prediction technology, combined with the data of Jining, this paper mainly discusses the influence of space-time evolution of coal mining subsidence area on water and soil resources in Jining. The restraint mechanism and coordination measures in the process of filling and restoration of the Yellow River diversion were preliminarily studied. The research results are as follows: (1) the method of estimating subsidence area and volume based on coal production is constructed. Combined with probability integration method, a program for predicting the subsidence of any shape working face is developed, and the subsidence situation in Jining is simulated and forecasted. By means of remote sensing and geographic information technology, the extraction model of subsidence water area is established, and the variation of subsidence water information during the dry season of 1984 ~ 2013 in Jining City is obtained. (2) according to the results of mining subsidence prediction and interpretation of subsidence water, This paper analyzes the temporal and spatial pattern of coal mining subsidence in Jining city and its variation law. The results show that with the increase of mining activity, the scale of subsidence area expands gradually, but the growth rate varies greatly in different years. In recent years, due to the reasons of "settlement and management", the growth rate began to slow down, the subsidence area mainly concentrated in Rencheng, Yanzhou, Zoucheng, Weishan and other places, gradually expanded from point to face, and distributed in other areas with scattered and irregular status; The area of water accumulation is closely related to the cumulative raw coal production and the distribution of mining sites, and the water accumulation area is mainly distributed in Yanzhou and Rencheng, and has gradually become one piece. (3) the influence of coal mining subsidence on the surface confluence lies in the topography and the change of topography. Combining the prediction of mining subsidence with GIS hydrological analysis, the model of extracting the confluence range of mining subsidence area and the calculating model of confluence water accumulation are established, and the relationship between dynamic mining process and surface confluence in subsidence area is analyzed in combination with the result of subsidence prediction. The results show that the confluence area of subsidence area, the capacity of water accumulation and the retention water increase with the increase of cumulative raw coal production, but the increase range is different, the relative position between subsidence area and surface runoff and its own topography, the relative position of subsidence area and surface runoff, The topographic condition determines the confluence area and the amount of residual water in the subsidence area. (4) according to the amount of water diversion, the amount of sediment required in different periods of the northern Yellow River diversion and filling control area, the capacity of water diversion and sediment extraction, the time of diversion and sediment collection, and the capacity of pipeline sediment transportation, From the point of view of sediment filling and drainage technology, the restraint mechanism of the process of recharge and restoration of the Yellow River diversion is analyzed and the corresponding improvement measures are put forward. The results show that the capacity of water diversion and sediment extraction can meet the demand of reclamation in the new subsidence area. However, it can not meet the reclamation demand of the current annual stock, so the method of "increment first, then stock" can be used to digest the stock gradually, because of the uneven distribution in the coming year of the Yellow River and the fact that most of the incoming water in spring has been quoted. The implementation time of reclamation project should be extended as long as possible in flood season and winter, the sediment transport capacity of pipeline is inversely proportional to the quantity of sediment pipeline needed for reclamation, and the sediment transport capacity of pipeline can be improved by means of optimizing equipment and optimizing parameters. In view of the low filling efficiency existing in the existing technology, we propose to take measures such as "constructing interleaved ridge of fields" in order to speed up the sedimentation speed of sediment and improve the drainage efficiency, finally, aiming at the drainage channel problem of reclamation project, This paper puts forward some solutions such as draining water to the east route of South-to-North Water transfer Project and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TD88

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