本文選題：急傾斜煤層 + 覆巖斷裂機理��； 參考：《北京科技大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：急傾斜特厚煤層長壁綜放開采過程中由于采空區(qū)充填不均勻,直接頂冒落后基本頂斷裂呈現(xiàn)非對稱特征,造成了覆巖變形、破壞、能量分布、應(yīng)力傳遞等均具有非對稱特征。因此,需要對急傾斜煤層覆巖斷裂機理與強礦壓控制方法進行深入研究,對豐富該類煤層礦壓控制理論和指導(dǎo)現(xiàn)場實踐均有重要意義。 本研究以王家山煤礦工程地質(zhì)條件與強礦壓顯現(xiàn)特征為背景,利用室內(nèi)實驗、理論分析、數(shù)值實驗和現(xiàn)場觀測等綜合研究手段,研究了急傾斜煤層開采覆巖初次、周期頂板破斷機理,揭示了煤、巖非對稱應(yīng)力分布特征與演化規(guī)律,提出了強礦壓顯現(xiàn)危險區(qū)域預(yù)測與定向彈性能釋放強礦壓控制方法。 論文取得的主要研究成果有： (1)基于彈性力學(xué)理論,建立了橫縱荷載作用下急傾斜煤層基本頂?shù)谋“辶W(xué)模型,分析了基本頂上、下板面的應(yīng)力分布特征,獲得了基本頂斷裂線發(fā)育軌跡與破壞區(qū)演化規(guī)律,提出了急傾斜煤層基本頂?shù)某醮纹茢唷癡—Y”型斷裂模式。研究表明,急傾斜煤層基本頂初次斷裂的空間順序為“中上部→中下部→上部→下部”。結(jié)合數(shù)值模擬、現(xiàn)場監(jiān)測等手段,驗證了基本頂初次斷裂過程中采場圍巖應(yīng)力場分布及礦壓顯現(xiàn)具有時序性和非對稱特征； (2)基于彈性力學(xué)理論,建立了急傾斜綜放面推進過程中基本頂由小三角形懸板→大三角形懸板→斜梯形板轉(zhuǎn)化的薄板力學(xué)模型,計算出三種形狀基本頂?shù)纳�、下板面的�?yīng)力分布,揭示了斷裂線發(fā)育軌跡與破壞區(qū)演化過程,闡明了急傾斜煤層基本頂周期破斷的“四邊形”型斷裂模式。研究表明,急傾斜煤層基本頂周期斷裂的空間順序為“中下部→中上部→上部→下部”。結(jié)合數(shù)值模擬、現(xiàn)場監(jiān)測等手段,驗證了基本頂周期斷裂過程中采場圍巖應(yīng)力場分布及礦壓顯現(xiàn)具有時序性和非對稱特征； (3)采用離散元數(shù)值模擬及現(xiàn)場實測等手段,揭示了王家山礦急傾斜特厚煤層(群)回采煤、巖應(yīng)力分布特征與演化規(guī)律。發(fā)現(xiàn)了急傾斜綜放工作面煤體支承壓力動壓區(qū)呈“圓弧形”分布,穩(wěn)壓區(qū)呈“矩形”分布的非對稱分布特征。利用離散元數(shù)值模型證明了區(qū)段工作面頂板周期斷裂同樣符合“四邊形”周期斷裂模式； (4)以王家山煤礦工程地質(zhì)條件與強礦壓顯現(xiàn)特征為背景,采用綜合指數(shù)法、超靜定梁理論、統(tǒng)計學(xué)理論等方法,提出了“井田→工作面→近場→定點”層次化危險區(qū)預(yù)測與關(guān)鍵部位監(jiān)測方法,并針對不同危險等級制定了相應(yīng)的強礦壓防治方案; (5)采用數(shù)值模擬、現(xiàn)場實測等手段,研究了王家山礦急傾斜煤層開采強礦壓致災(zāi)機理,即上部基本頂在側(cè)支承壓力與頂板斷裂的綜合影響下,可能發(fā)生混合型強礦壓。中部基本頂斷裂可能發(fā)生誘發(fā)型強礦壓,下部基本頂較穩(wěn)定易發(fā)生能量聚集型強礦壓； (6)發(fā)現(xiàn)了超前頂板重點卸壓區(qū)域的彈性能釋放后由能量轉(zhuǎn)移與積聚而形成“人”字型能量分叉形態(tài),構(gòu)成了頂板防沖卸壓后的主要來壓路徑。據(jù)此提出了急傾斜特厚煤層彈性能定向釋放強礦壓控制方法,將方法分為懸頂能量釋放與次生能量消耗兩個階段,并分析了各階段的作用。通過頂板動態(tài)監(jiān)測與地音監(jiān)測檢驗,證明此方法能夠在有效的縮短懸頂面積,減小工作面頂板壓力與來壓步距的同時,降低由頂板卸壓造成次生災(zāi)害的可能。
[Abstract]:In the process of long wall fully mechanized coal caving in steep and extra thick coal seam, due to the uneven filling in the goaf, the direct top and backward basic roof fracture presents asymmetrical characteristics, which causes the deformation, damage, energy distribution and stress transfer of overlying rock. Therefore, the mechanism of overlying coal seam fracture and the control method of strong ore pressure need to be deep. The study is of great significance for enriching the theory of coal seam pressure control and guiding the field practice.
In this study, with the background of the engineering geological conditions of Wangjiashan coal mine and the characteristics of strong ore pressure, and using the comprehensive research means such as laboratory experiment, theoretical analysis, numerical experiment and field observation, the mechanism of the initial overburden and periodic roof breaking in the mining of steep coal seam is studied, and the characteristics and evolution law of the asymmetric stress distribution of coal and rock are revealed, and the strength of the coal and rock is revealed. Prediction of dangerous area of rock burst and directional elastic energy release method for strong ground pressure control.
The main research results obtained in this paper are as follows:
(1) based on the theory of elastic mechanics, a sheet mechanical model of the basic roof of a steep inclined seam under the action of transverse and longitudinal loads is established. The stress distribution characteristics of the basic top and lower plate surface are analyzed, the development track of the basic top fracture line and the evolution law of the failure area are obtained, and the first break "V Y" type fracture mode of the basic top of the steep seam is put forward. It is shown that the spatial order of the initial breakage of the basic top of the steep seam is "middle and upper middle lower to the upper part". Combined with numerical simulation and field monitoring, the distribution of stress field of surrounding rock in the stope and the characteristics of time series and asymmetric are verified.
(2) based on the theory of elastic mechanics, the mechanical model of thin plate which is basically converted from small triangular suspension to large triangular suspension to oblique trapezoidal plate in the process of rapid inclined fully mechanized caving is established, and the stress distribution of the upper and lower surface of the three kinds of basic top is calculated, the evolution process of the fracture line and the damage zone is revealed, and the steep slope is clarified. The study shows that the spatial order of the basic top periodic fracture of the steep coal seam is "middle and lower middle upper, upper to the lower". Combining numerical simulation and field monitoring, the distribution of stress field of surrounding rock in the stope and the rock pressure display tool in the basic top period fracture process have been verified. Sometimes the character of order and asymmetry;
(3) by means of discrete element numerical simulation and field measurement, the distribution characteristics and evolution laws of the steep inclined extra thick coal seam (Group) coal seam (Group) in Wangjiashan mine are revealed. The distribution of "circular arc" in the dynamic pressure area of the bearing pressure in the coal body of the steep inclined fully mechanized caving face is found, and the asymmetric distribution characteristic of the "rectangular" distribution in the stable pressure zone is found. The numerical model shows that the periodic fracture of the roof is also consistent with the "quadrilateral" periodic fracture mode.
(4) taking the engineering geological conditions of Wangjiashan coal mine and the characteristics of strong ore pressure as the background, using the comprehensive index method, the statically indeterminate beam theory and the statistical theory, the paper puts forward the method of the dangerous zone prediction and the key position monitoring in the "well field, the working face, the near field and the fixed-point", and formulating the corresponding strong ore pressure and prevention against the different dangerous grades. Treatment plan;
(5) by means of numerical simulation and field measurement, the mechanism of strong ore pressure caused by steep inclined coal seam mining in Wangjiashan mine is studied, that is, under the comprehensive influence of the lateral support pressure and roof fracture in the upper basic top, it may occur mixed type of strong ore pressure. The middle basic top fault may induce strong ore pressure, and the lower basic roof is stable and easy to occur. Mass accumulation type strong ore pressure;
(6) it is found that the energy transfer and accumulation of the key pressure relief area of the top roof are released from the energy transfer and accumulation to form the "human" type energy bifurcation form and form the main pressure path of the roof after the pressure relief and pressure relief. According to this, the method of controlling the elastic energy directional release and strong pressure control of the steep and extra thick coal seam is put forward, and the method is divided into the release of the suspended roof energy and the energy release method. The secondary energy consumption is two stages, and the function of each stage is analyzed. Through the dynamic monitoring of roof and ground sound monitoring, it is proved that this method can effectively shorten the area of the suspended top, reduce the roof pressure and the step distance of the working face, and reduce the possibility of the secondary disaster caused by the roof pressure unloading.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TD323;TD823.213

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