發(fā)布時間：2018-06-21 10:35

  本文選題：松散含水層 + 相似模擬實驗　； 參考：《太原理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：作為厚黃土覆蓋區(qū),山西是全國水資源匱乏的省份之一。厚黃土地區(qū)往往含有富水性好、厚度大的含水層,從而成為當(dāng)?shù)氐闹饕┧�。山西作為煤炭開采大省,大范圍的煤炭的開采勢必會引發(fā)較多的環(huán)境問題。煤層的開采會對上覆含水層產(chǎn)生影響甚至破壞,主要是由于煤炭的開采形成“三帶”即冒落帶、裂隙帶和彎沉帶,“三帶”中的裂隙帶和彎沉帶會對覆巖以及上覆松散含水層的穩(wěn)定性造成影響。另外,裂隙帶的存在也會增大含水層水位下降速率,致使上覆含水層發(fā)生滲漏,水量減少,動態(tài)平衡破壞。主要表現(xiàn)為地下水水位下降、泉水?dāng)嗔�、含水層疏干等生態(tài)環(huán)境破壞問題。本文以厚黃土覆蓋地區(qū)的長治屯留縣常村煤礦為背景,采用三組相似模擬實驗,研究不同采深條件下采煤對該區(qū)覆巖移動規(guī)律及松散含水層的影響。研究采動條件下覆巖水平與垂直位移移動規(guī)律、覆巖裂隙長度與面積的變化規(guī)律以及對含松散含水層穩(wěn)定性影響的規(guī)律。實驗結(jié)果分析得出:覆巖的垂直與水平位移量隨著采深的變化規(guī)律性較弱,各組對應(yīng)觀測線垂直位移量相差不大,關(guān)鍵層的存在會對沉降量有影響;三組模型的水平位移變化相似,垂直位移量關(guān)于開采中心線對稱,規(guī)律性較強(qiáng);裂隙長度與面積發(fā)育程度隨著采深的增大而增大,主關(guān)鍵層會影響裂隙長度隨采深增大而增大的規(guī)律,對裂隙面積的發(fā)育規(guī)律沒有影響;同樣,殘余裂隙率隨著采深的增大而增大,受主關(guān)鍵層會影響模型Ⅱ殘余裂隙率發(fā)育程度最高,模型Ⅲ次之,模型Ⅰ最小;不同采深也會影響松散含水層水位下降速率突變的時間,采深越小水位下降速率突變越迅速,對上覆松散含水層的影響也就越大;最后分析得出采動通過改變隔水底板曲率影響隔水層隔水性能從而破壞松散含水層穩(wěn)定結(jié)構(gòu)。
[Abstract]:As a thick loess covering area, Shanxi is one of the provinces with scarce water resources. The thick loess region often contains water-rich and thick aquifer, so it becomes the main water supply source. As a big coal mining province, Shanxi is bound to cause more environmental problems. The mining of coal seam will affect or even destroy the overlying aquifer, mainly due to the formation of "three zones" of coal mining, that is, caving zone, fissure zone and bending zone. The fracture zone and deflection zone in the "three zones" will affect the stability of overlying rock and overlying loose aquifer. In addition, the existence of fissure zone will also increase the rate of aquifer water level decline, resulting in the leakage of overlying aquifer, the decrease of water volume and the destruction of dynamic balance. The main problems are the decrease of groundwater level, the breakage of spring water, the drying of aquifer and so on. Based on Changcun Coal Mine in Changzhi Tunliu County of Changzhi Loess covered area, three groups of similar simulation experiments are used to study the influence of coal mining on overburden rock movement and loose aquifer in this area under different mining depth. The law of horizontal and vertical displacement movement of overburden under mining conditions, the variation of crack length and area of overburden and the influence of overburden on the stability of loose aquifer are studied. The experimental results show that the vertical and horizontal displacement of overburden rock is weak with the mining depth, the vertical displacement of the corresponding observation line of each group is not different, and the existence of the key layer will have an effect on the settlement. The horizontal displacement of the three groups of models is similar, the vertical displacement is symmetrical to the mining center line, and the fracture length and area development degree increase with the increase of mining depth. The main critical layer will influence the law that the crack length increases with the mining depth, but has no effect on the fracture area development law, similarly, the residual fracture rate increases with the mining depth increase, The critical layer of acceptor will affect the development of residual fracture rate of model 鈪，

本文編號：2048315