本文選題：采空區(qū)下 + 近距離煤層�。� 參考：《太原理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國(guó)井工開采以長(zhǎng)壁為主，且頂板管理主要采用全部垮落法；對(duì)于煤層群在開采順序上主要采用下行式。下行、長(zhǎng)壁頂板全部垮落法開采近距離煤層群必然產(chǎn)生采空區(qū)下近距離煤層開采的問題。 采空區(qū)下近距離煤層綜放面由于煤厚加大，波及的頂板地層厚度也會(huì)加大；上層煤層采空區(qū)矸石靜載作用和頂板結(jié)構(gòu)失穩(wěn)導(dǎo)致的應(yīng)力應(yīng)變重布，以及上下兩層煤間穩(wěn)定巖層厚度、強(qiáng)度等的變化都會(huì)導(dǎo)致初次來壓、周期來壓步距及其動(dòng)載的變化，使得采場(chǎng)礦壓顯現(xiàn)更加復(fù)雜。因此，采空區(qū)下近距離煤層綜放面的壓架已經(jīng)成為井工開采迫切需要解決的工程實(shí)際問題。 目前采空區(qū)下近距離煤層綜放面的壓架的理論分析多集中于避開煤柱集中應(yīng)力的問題。本文認(rèn)為采空區(qū)下近距離煤層采動(dòng)時(shí)，上覆采空區(qū)沒有煤柱時(shí)，上覆垮落帶裂隙帶對(duì)下層煤的應(yīng)力作用也會(huì)影響壓架，同時(shí)可利用上覆采空區(qū)的積水對(duì)壓架進(jìn)行控制。因此，以山西西山斜溝煤礦13#煤為研究對(duì)象，通過理論分析、實(shí)驗(yàn)室試驗(yàn)以及數(shù)值模擬等研究方法，對(duì)13#煤層的壓架機(jī)理、控制方法和控制效果進(jìn)行了研究。主要研究成果為： （1）采空區(qū)下近距離煤層綜放面開采時(shí)，斷裂帶可能直接貫通上覆采空區(qū)，采空區(qū)破碎巖體向下直接傳遞載荷，導(dǎo)致頂板巖層的靜載荷比普通綜采面大，頂板不易形成穩(wěn)定的結(jié)構(gòu)，老頂來壓時(shí)易發(fā)生壓架事故，導(dǎo)致工作面停滯，生產(chǎn)減慢。并在考慮上層煤層采后形成的垮落帶裂隙帶巖層重量的前提下，本文建立力學(xué)模型分析支架圍巖關(guān)系，給出了采空區(qū)下近距離煤層綜放面支架載荷分別與初次垮落步距和周期垮落步距的理論關(guān)系式以及垮落斷面的抗拉強(qiáng)度計(jì)算公式。 （2）利用上覆采空區(qū)積水對(duì)煤層頂板進(jìn)行了弱化，根據(jù)頂板巖石的力學(xué)特性，從本工作面向上覆采空區(qū)鉆孔，給出弱化工藝與參數(shù)，將上覆采空區(qū)積水引入鉆孔，利用積水的自重壓力以及物理化學(xué)性質(zhì)進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)展裂縫，降低了巖石的物理強(qiáng)度，人為形成了一個(gè)弱面，操縱了頂板的垮落步距，操縱了壓架，確保了下層煤工作面的正�；夭伞� （3）對(duì)采空區(qū)下近距離煤層綜放面的壓架控制效果進(jìn)行了數(shù)值模擬驗(yàn)證，分別建立積水弱化前后的數(shù)值計(jì)算模型，動(dòng)態(tài)分析煤層采動(dòng)中頂板結(jié)構(gòu)及工作面的應(yīng)力位移分布及破壞特征。從頂板巖層的破壞特征和應(yīng)力應(yīng)變分布特征來看，利用上覆采空區(qū)積水進(jìn)行弱化控制后，，比弱化前支承壓力峰值平均降低2000KN，頂煤下沉量峰值平均降低10mm~15mm，說明文章所提出的壓架控制方法是可行的。
[Abstract]:The long wall is the main mining method in our country, and the roof management mainly adopts the whole caving method, and the coal seam group mainly adopts the downward type in the mining sequence. Downlink, long wall roof caving all mining short distance coal seam group will inevitably produce the problem of close distance coal seam mining under goaf. Due to the increase of coal thickness, the thickness of the affected roof strata will be increased under the goaf fully mechanized caving face. The static load action of gangue and the stress and strain redistribution caused by roof structure instability in the upper coal goaf, as well as the changes of the thickness and strength of the stable strata between the upper and lower coal layers will lead to the changes of the initial pressure, the periodic pressure step and the dynamic load. It makes the stope pressure appear more complicated. therefore The pressing frame of fully mechanized caving face in close distance coal seam under goaf has become an urgent engineering practical problem to be solved in well mining. At present, the theoretical analysis of pressure frame of fully mechanized caving face in close distance coal seam under goaf is mainly focused on the problem of avoiding the concentrated stress of coal pillar. In this paper, it is considered that the stress action of the fracture zone of the overlying caving zone on the lower coal will also affect the pressure frame when the coal seam is mined at close distance under the goaf and when there is no coal pillar in the overlying goaf, at the same time, the pressure frame can be controlled by using the water in the overlying goaf. Therefore, taking 13# coal of Xishan Jiaogou Coal Mine in Shanxi Province as the research object, through theoretical analysis, laboratory test and numerical simulation, the mechanism, control method and control effect of 13# coal seam are studied. The main research results are as follows: (1) when fully mechanized coal caving face is mined under goaf, the fault zone may directly pass through the overlying goaf, and the broken rock mass in goaf will directly transfer the load down, resulting in the static load of roof rock layer being larger than that of ordinary fully-mechanized coal face. The roof is not easy to form a stable structure. On the premise of considering the weight of rock layer in fracture zone of collapse zone formed after mining in upper coal seam, this paper establishes a mechanical model to analyze the relation of surrounding rock of support. This paper presents the theoretical relations between the support load of fully mechanized coal caving face under goaf and the initial collapse step distance and periodic collapse step distance, as well as the formula for calculating the tensile strength of caving section. (2) the roof of coal seam is weakened by water in overlying goaf. According to the mechanical characteristics of roof rock, the weakening process and parameters are given from this work, and the overlying goaf water is introduced into the borehole, and the cracks are further expanded by using the gravity pressure and physicochemical properties of the overlying goaf. The physical strength of the rock is reduced, a weak surface is formed artificially, the collapse step of the roof is manipulated, the pressure frame is manipulated, It ensures the normal mining of the lower coal face. (3) numerical simulation is carried out to verify the control effect of the pressure frame of the fully mechanized caving face in the near coal seam under the goaf, and the numerical calculation models before and after the weakening of the water are established, respectively. The stress and displacement distribution and failure characteristics of roof structure and working face in coal seam mining are analyzed dynamically. According to the failure characteristics and stress-strain distribution characteristics of roof strata, the overlying goaf water is used for weakening control, The peak value of abutment pressure is reduced by 2000KN and the peak value of top coal subsidence is reduced by 10mm / 15mm compared with that before weakening, which shows that the control method proposed in this paper is feasible.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TD355;TD823.81

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