本文選題：土壤 + 重金屬��； 參考：《西南科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：某鈾尾礦庫自上世紀(jì)投入運營以來,共服役30多年,庫中堆積了兩百多萬噸的鈾尾礦砂。因此查明某鈾尾礦庫周邊土壤中的核素U與重金屬元素Mn、As、Pb、Cr的空間分布與污染狀況,研究鈾尾礦庫對周邊土壤影響具有重要意義。本文在野外采樣、檢測的基礎(chǔ)上,利用SPSS軟件對各元素進行描述性統(tǒng)計;通過GS+軟件的半變異函數(shù)計算擬合出各元素最優(yōu)模型,在此基礎(chǔ)上運用ArcGIS中普通克里格法的進行空間插值,制作出各元素的空間分布圖;比較單因子污染指數(shù)法與地質(zhì)累積污染指數(shù)法評結(jié)果,使得評價結(jié)果更準(zhǔn)確,采用內(nèi)梅羅綜合污染指數(shù)法對研究區(qū)土壤中的5種元素進行綜合污染評價。主要研究內(nèi)容和結(jié)論如下:1、研究區(qū)土壤中5種元素含量范圍較廣,變異系數(shù)較大,都不符合正態(tài)分布,通過與中國土壤背景值與湖南省土壤背景值,發(fā)現(xiàn)5種元素都存在較大比例的土壤樣品元素含量大于背景值;2、GS+軟件對5種元素的半變異函數(shù)計算結(jié)果顯示,U元素的最優(yōu)擬合模型為高斯模型,Mn元素、Pb元素和Cr元素的最優(yōu)模型為指數(shù)模型;C0+C/C0比值表明U、As元素表現(xiàn)為中等相關(guān)性,Mn、Pb元素和Cr元素均表現(xiàn)為強烈的空間相關(guān)性;利用ArcGIS制作5種元素的空間分布圖;3、單因子污染指數(shù)法評價結(jié)果顯示研究區(qū)土壤中U元素污染較重的土壤主要集中在鈾尾礦庫周圍200m區(qū)域;Mn元素和As元素重度超標(biāo)的土壤主要分布在研究區(qū)東南部向;Pb元素輕微超標(biāo)土壤分布廣;Cr輕微超標(biāo)土壤主要分布圍繞在鈾尾礦庫的南、東、北側(cè),以及研究區(qū)的東南向。地質(zhì)累積污染指數(shù)法結(jié)果顯示除了 U元素、As元素外,其余三個元素為無污染。內(nèi)梅羅綜合污染指數(shù)法結(jié)果顯示研究區(qū)土壤污染較重的區(qū)域主要分布在尾礦庫周圍以及研究區(qū)的東南部地區(qū)。
[Abstract]:A uranium tailings reservoir has been in service for more than 30 years since it was put into operation in the last century, and more than 2 million tons of uranium tailings have been accumulated in the reservoir. Therefore, it is of great significance to find out the spatial distribution and pollution of the nuclide U and the heavy metal element MnAsAsPbCr in the soil around a uranium tailings reservoir, and to study the influence of the uranium tailing reservoir on the surrounding soil. In this paper, on the basis of field sampling and detection, we use SPSS software to describe each element, calculate and fit the optimal model of each element by the semi-variable function of GS software. On this basis, the spatial interpolation of common Kriging method in ArcGIS is used to make the spatial distribution map of each element, and the evaluation results of single factor pollution index method and geological cumulative pollution index method are compared to make the evaluation results more accurate. The comprehensive pollution assessment of five elements in the soil of the study area was carried out by using the Nemero comprehensive pollution index method. The main contents and conclusions are as follows: 1. The content of five elements in the soil of the study area is relatively wide, and the coefficient of variation is large, all of them do not accord with the normal distribution. By comparing with the soil background value of China and the soil background value of Hunan Province, It is found that there is a larger proportion of elements in soil samples than in the background value. The results of semi-variogram calculation of the five elements show that the optimal fitting model of U element is Gao Si model, mn element, Pb element and Cr element. The optimal model of the elements is the exponential model C _ 0 C / C _ 0 ratio, which indicates that the elements of UMNO _ as show a strong spatial correlation between Mn-Pb element and Cr element. The spatial distribution map of five elements was made by ArcGIS. The results of single factor pollution index method showed that the soil with heavy U element pollution was mainly concentrated in the 200 m area around uranium tailings reservoir, mn element and as element were super heavy. The labeled soils are mainly distributed in the southeastern part of the study area. To the east and north, and to the southeast of the research area. The results of the geological accumulative pollution index method show that the other three elements are non-polluted except for the elements of U and as. The results of Nemero comprehensive pollution index method showed that the regions with heavy soil pollution in the study area were mainly distributed around the tailings reservoir and in the southeast of the study area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X751;X825

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