本文選題：結(jié)構(gòu)面 + 爆破振動　； 參考：《武漢理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：巖體是一種不連續(xù)、各向異性的非均質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)體,其間斷層、節(jié)理、裂隙和破碎帶等結(jié)構(gòu)面隨機(jī)分布,爆破振動會對含結(jié)構(gòu)面邊坡穩(wěn)定性產(chǎn)生重要的影響。鉆溝石灰石露天礦邊坡巖層之間存在較為明顯的結(jié)構(gòu)面,由于受邊坡巖體結(jié)構(gòu)面和頻繁生產(chǎn)爆破等因素的影響,其穩(wěn)定性已成為制約礦山安全生產(chǎn)的重要因素。因此,必須研究爆破振動對含結(jié)構(gòu)面邊坡穩(wěn)定性的影響。在鉆溝石灰石露天礦爆破現(xiàn)場進(jìn)行地質(zhì)調(diào)查、巖石物理力學(xué)指標(biāo)試驗(yàn)和爆破振動試驗(yàn),并對現(xiàn)場實(shí)測的爆破振動信號進(jìn)行小波包能量分析。采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA動力有限元分析軟件對礦山邊坡進(jìn)行爆破數(shù)值模擬,研究爆破荷載作用下含結(jié)構(gòu)面邊坡的動力響應(yīng),并提出了鄰近邊坡爆破的減振措施。本文主要研究成果如下:(1)通過現(xiàn)場地質(zhì)調(diào)查,得到了礦山邊坡結(jié)構(gòu)面的分布情況,即結(jié)構(gòu)面傾向?yàn)轫樒路较?與水平夾角為70°,結(jié)構(gòu)面厚度為0.5m。(2)現(xiàn)場爆破振動試驗(yàn)表明,爆破地震波穿越結(jié)構(gòu)面時,爆破振動速度衰減較為明顯,其平均衰減率為48.59%;而地震波未穿過結(jié)構(gòu)面時,其爆破振動速度并沒有明顯的變化。小波包分析結(jié)果表明,地震波穿越結(jié)構(gòu)面時會造成爆破振動信號高頻振動能量比例降低,低頻振動能量比例升高。(3)數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果表明,地震波穿越結(jié)構(gòu)面時,其前后質(zhì)點(diǎn)振速幅值的平均衰減率約為50%。而通過小波包能量分析發(fā)現(xiàn),50Hz左右頻帶的能量呈衰減趨勢,而20Hz左右頻帶的能量呈增加趨勢。對比現(xiàn)場試驗(yàn)與數(shù)值模擬的結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),地震波穿越結(jié)構(gòu)面時爆破振動速度平均衰減率為48.59%,而數(shù)值模擬所得平均衰減率為56.29%,相對誤差為9.68%。此外,數(shù)值模擬的小波包能量分析結(jié)果與現(xiàn)場實(shí)測的小波包能量分析結(jié)果基本一致。(4)分別考察爆源距離由20m增加到40m,炮孔孔徑由160mm減小到90mm,炮孔孔數(shù)由三孔減小到單孔起爆,延期時間由25ms增加到65ms以及由無預(yù)裂爆破到有預(yù)裂爆破時,爆破振動對邊坡穩(wěn)定性的影響相應(yīng)減小。因此,在礦山臨近邊坡爆破時,應(yīng)采用小孔徑爆破、逐孔起爆、65ms排間延時爆破及預(yù)裂爆破等減振措施,以保證邊坡的穩(wěn)定性。(5)采用通徑系數(shù)法分析了爆破振動速度和主頻兩個特征參量與爆心距、總裝藥量、最大段裝藥量、高差、前排抵抗線和巖石完整性系數(shù)等爆破條件之間的關(guān)聯(lián)性,得出爆心距和最大段裝藥量對爆破振動速度的影響較大,而對爆破振動主頻影響較大的是爆心距和巖石完整性系數(shù)。(6)從能量源和爆破地震波傳播過程兩個方面提出了科學(xué)合理的鄰近邊坡爆破減振措施,并設(shè)計了一套有利于鉆溝石灰石礦山生產(chǎn)和保證邊坡穩(wěn)定的生產(chǎn)爆破參數(shù)和預(yù)裂爆破參數(shù)。根據(jù)上述研究得到了不同爆破荷載對含結(jié)構(gòu)面邊坡穩(wěn)定性的影響規(guī)律,提出了科學(xué)合理的鄰近邊坡爆破減振措施,保證了邊坡的穩(wěn)定性。
[Abstract]:Rock mass is a discontinuous anisotropic heterogeneous structure with random distribution of structural planes such as faults joints fractures and broken zones. Blasting vibration will have an important effect on the stability of slopes with structural planes. There are obvious structural planes between the slope strata of the limestone opencast mine in Shuangou. Due to the influence of the structural plane of the slope rock mass and the frequent production blasting, its stability has become an important factor restricting the safe production of the mine. Therefore, the effect of blasting vibration on slope stability with structural plane must be studied. Geological investigation, rock physical and mechanical index test and blasting vibration test were carried out in the blasting site of Shuangou limestone opencast mine, and wavelet packet energy analysis of the field measured blasting vibration signal was carried out. The blasting numerical simulation of mine slope is carried out by using ANSYS/LS-DYNA dynamic finite element analysis software. The dynamic response of slope with structural plane under blasting load is studied, and the vibration reduction measures of adjacent slope are put forward. The main research results of this paper are as follows: (1) through the field geological investigation, the distribution of the structural plane of the mine slope is obtained, that is, the slope direction is inclined, the angle to the horizontal plane is 70 擄, the thickness of the structure surface is 0.5 m.m-2) the results of field blasting vibration test show that, The attenuation of blasting vibration velocity is obvious when the blasting seismic wave passes through the structural surface, and the average attenuation rate is 48.59, while the blasting vibration velocity does not change obviously when the seismic wave does not cross the structural surface. The results of wavelet packet analysis show that when seismic waves cross the structural plane, the ratio of high frequency vibration energy to blasting vibration signal decreases, and the ratio of low frequency vibration energy to low frequency vibration energy increases. The average attenuation rate of the amplitude of the particle velocity is about 50. Through the analysis of wavelet packet energy, it is found that the energy of 50 Hz or so band is decreasing, while the energy of 20Hz band is increasing. The results of field test and numerical simulation show that the average attenuation rate of blasting vibration velocity is 48.59 while the average attenuation rate of numerical simulation is 56.29 and the relative error is 9.68. In addition, the simulated wavelet packet energy analysis results are basically consistent with the field measured wavelet packet energy analysis results.) the explosion source distance is increased from 20 m to 40 m, the hole aperture is reduced from 160mm to 90 mm, and the number of holes is reduced from three holes to one hole. When the delay time is increased from 25ms to 65ms and from non-presplitting blasting to pre-splitting blasting, the effect of blasting vibration on slope stability is reduced accordingly. Therefore, small aperture blasting, 65 Ms delay blasting and pre splitting blasting should be used in the blasting near the mine slope. In order to ensure the stability of the slope, the method of path coefficient is used to analyze the blasting vibration velocity and main frequency, the distance between the blasting center and the core, the total charge, the maximum charge and the difference in height. According to the correlation between the front resistance line and the rock integrity coefficient, it is concluded that the blasting vibration velocity is greatly affected by the blasting center distance and the maximum charge quantity. On the other hand, the main frequency of blasting vibration is greatly affected by blasting centroid distance and rock integrity coefficient .6) from two aspects of energy source and blasting seismic wave propagation process, scientific and reasonable blasting vibration reduction measures for adjacent slopes are put forward. A set of production blasting parameters and pre-splitting blasting parameters are designed which are beneficial to the production of limestone mines and ensure the stability of slope. According to the above research, the influence of different blasting loads on the stability of slope with structural plane is obtained, and a scientific and reasonable blasting damping measure is put forward to ensure the stability of the slope.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TD235

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本文編號：1988815