本文選題：油頁巖 + 過熱蒸汽　； 參考：《太原理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來，隨著世界石油能源的不斷消耗和世界石油需求量的不斷增加，常規(guī)石油資源正在逐漸減少。油頁巖產(chǎn)物作為一種重要的石油補充和替代能源，已經(jīng)受到了全世界的關(guān)注。開發(fā)油頁巖不僅能夠解決各國對石油的需求，而且能夠降低對外石油的依存度，具有重大的戰(zhàn)略意義。本文以過熱蒸汽對流加熱油頁巖原位開采為背景，運用實驗方法，對油頁巖的熱解性質(zhì)、過熱蒸汽作用下的產(chǎn)油/產(chǎn)氣規(guī)律、過熱蒸汽和模擬地應(yīng)力共同作用下的油頁巖破裂和熱解規(guī)律做了研究，主要研究內(nèi)容和結(jié)果如下： （1）利用熱重分析儀對產(chǎn)自新疆的油頁巖原樣和過熱蒸汽熱解后的油頁巖樣粉樣做熱重分析，根據(jù)得到的失重曲線得出以下結(jié)論：新疆油頁巖的熱解過程分為三個階段，第一階段是水分的蒸發(fā)，持續(xù)時間較長，而且失重率低；第二階段為油母質(zhì)的熱解，持續(xù)時間較短，油母質(zhì)熱解劇烈，失重率為7%～11%；第三階段是無機礦物質(zhì)的熱解。過熱蒸汽熱解后的油頁巖的失重率較低，與低溫干餾技術(shù)相比，過熱蒸汽更能充分的熱解油頁巖。熱解溫度高低和油頁巖在該溫度熱解時所持續(xù)時間都會對油頁巖的失重率產(chǎn)生較大的影響，熱解溫度越高失重率越大，，熱解持續(xù)時間越長失重率越大。 （2）利用自主研制的對流加熱原位開采模擬實驗臺對新疆油頁巖進行熱解模擬實驗，并對熱解后生產(chǎn)的熱解氣體和頁巖油做了實驗分析，并分析了該實驗結(jié)果產(chǎn)生的原因。研究表明，過熱蒸汽熱解油頁巖產(chǎn)生的氣體產(chǎn)物主要以有機氣體產(chǎn)物、氫氣、一氧化碳為主，并且在不同的時間段，各氣體組分有所不同；相比于低溫干餾技術(shù)，使用過熱蒸汽熱解得到的頁巖油中，飽和烴和正構(gòu)烴所占的比例更高，輕質(zhì)烴和和中質(zhì)烴所占的比例更高，頁巖油品質(zhì)更好。 （3）利用自主研制的對流加熱原位開采模擬實驗臺和模擬地應(yīng)力系統(tǒng)，模擬了原位地應(yīng)力狀態(tài)下注蒸汽開采油頁巖過程：首先是試件在三軸應(yīng)力狀態(tài)下的壓裂過程，隨著過熱蒸汽的持續(xù)注入，在溫度和壓力共同作用下，試件在垂直于最小主應(yīng)力的方向上被壓裂，呈現(xiàn)出多個水平破裂面；然后是試件中油頁巖的熱解過程，過熱蒸汽沿著壓裂裂隙熱解油頁巖，熱解產(chǎn)生的油氣會隨著過熱蒸汽的流動帶出試件外，在流動過程中，會有少量的頁巖油產(chǎn)物附著在油頁巖和混凝土上。 （4）基于CT分析系統(tǒng)，對原位應(yīng)力狀態(tài)下過熱蒸汽熱解后的油頁巖做細(xì)觀分析后發(fā)現(xiàn)，越靠近注熱區(qū)域的油頁巖熱解越充分，距離蒸汽注熱區(qū)域最近且熱解后的油頁巖中大多為硬質(zhì)礦物，而且在礦物中夾雜著圓形和橢圓形孔洞；稍遠(yuǎn)一點的油頁巖中大多為有機礦物質(zhì)，但是在該區(qū)域的油頁巖中有裂隙的存在，但還是以微裂紋為大多數(shù)；遠(yuǎn)離蒸汽注熱區(qū)域的油頁巖中也是以有機礦物為主，而且只有少量的裂隙作為過熱蒸汽流通的通道。
[Abstract]:In recent years, along with the world petroleum energy consumption and the world petroleum demand increasing, the conventional petroleum resources are decreasing gradually. As an important oil supplement and alternative energy, oil shale products have attracted worldwide attention. It is of great strategic significance to develop oil shale not only to solve the oil demand of various countries, but also to reduce the dependence of foreign oil. Under the background of in-situ extraction of oil shale with superheated steam convection heating, the pyrolysis properties of oil shale and the oil / gas production law under the action of superheated steam are studied by using experimental method. The fracture and pyrolysis of oil shale under the combined action of superheated steam and simulated in-situ stress are studied. The main contents and results are as follows: 1) the thermogravimetric analysis was used to analyze the crude oil shale samples from Xinjiang and the oil shale powder samples after superheated steam pyrolysis. According to the obtained weight loss curves, the following conclusions are drawn: the pyrolysis process of Xinjiang oil shale is divided into three stages. The first stage is the evaporation of water, the duration is longer, and the weight loss rate is low, the second stage is the pyrolysis of the oil matrix, the duration is shorter, the pyrolysis of the oil matrix is violent, the weight loss rate is 7% and the third stage is the pyrolysis of inorganic minerals. The weight loss rate of oil shale after pyrolysis with superheated steam is lower than that of low temperature retorting technology, and superheated steam can fully pyrolyse oil shale. Both the pyrolysis temperature and the duration of oil shale pyrolysis at this temperature will have a great effect on the weight loss rate of oil shale. The higher the pyrolysis temperature, the greater the weight loss rate of oil shale. The longer the pyrolysis duration is, the greater the weight loss rate of oil shale is. 2) the pyrolysis simulation experiment of Xinjiang oil shale was carried out by using the self-developed in situ convection heating test rig. The pyrolytic gas and shale oil produced after pyrolysis were analyzed experimentally, and the reasons for the result were analyzed. The results show that the gas products produced by superheated steam pyrolysis oil shale are mainly organic gas products, hydrogen gas, carbon monoxide, and the composition of each gas is different at different time periods. The proportion of saturated hydrocarbon and normal hydrocarbon is higher, the proportion of light hydrocarbon and medium hydrocarbon is higher, and the quality of shale oil is better. In this paper, the in-situ oil-shale production process with steam injection under in-situ stress state is simulated by using the self-developed convection heating in-situ mining simulator and the simulated in-situ stress system. Firstly, the fracturing process of the specimen under triaxial stress state is simulated. With the continuous injection of superheated steam, under the combined action of temperature and pressure, the specimen is fractured in the direction perpendicular to the minimum principal stress, showing multiple horizontal fracture surfaces, and then the pyrolysis process of the oil shale in the specimen. Superheated steam pyrolysis oil shale along fracturing fracture, the oil and gas produced by pyrolysis will flow out of the specimen with the flow of superheated steam. During the flow process, a small amount of shale oil products will adhere to oil shale and concrete. (4) based on the CT analysis system, the oil shale pyrolysis under in-situ stress is analyzed. The results show that the oil shale pyrolysis near the heat injection region is more adequate. Most of the oil shale closest to the steam injection zone and pyrolyzed are hard minerals, with circular and elliptical pores in the mineral, and the oil shale, a little farther away, is mostly organic, However, there are fissures in the oil shale in this area, but most of them are microcracks, and organic minerals are also dominant in the oil shale far from the region of steam heat injection, and only a small number of cracks are used as the passage of superheated steam flow.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TD83

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