本文選題：選礦廢水 + 三維電解　； 參考：《湘潭大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：選礦廢水所含的污染物主要有持久性重金屬離子、浮選藥劑及油污、固體懸浮物等,若不經(jīng)治理直接排放,將會對選礦廠廠區(qū)周邊及下游地區(qū)的農(nóng)田、河流、土壤、濕地等產(chǎn)生破壞性影響,并最終危害人類健康。因此,有必要在不引入二次污染的前提下,選擇合適的工藝對選礦廢水進(jìn)行深度處理,并綜合考慮投資費用、占地面積、運行成本等因素,最大程度去除選礦廢水中的COD及重金屬,改善選礦廠周邊的環(huán)境,為我國選礦廢水處理提供工藝選擇和理論參考�；炷恋矸ㄊ沁x礦廢水處理最常用的方法,該工藝能有效去除選礦廢水中的重金屬,但對選礦廢水中的COD去除效果甚微。研究擬先采用混凝沉淀法對選礦廢水進(jìn)行預(yù)處理,后采用物理吸附法或化學(xué)氧化法對選礦廢水進(jìn)行深度處理;三維電解法可同步去除選礦廢水中的COD和重金屬,可采用該方法直接處理選礦廢水原水。在綜合比較上述工藝對選礦廢水的處理效果、運行成本及穩(wěn)定性的條件下,選出最適合的處理工藝及工藝參數(shù)。研究表明:當(dāng)采用混凝沉淀預(yù)處理-物理吸附法時,在廢水初始pH值為10.0,混凝劑FeCl_3投加量為50 mg·L~(-1),絮凝劑PAM投加量為30 mg·L~(-1),混凝反應(yīng)時間為15 min,活性炭投加量為3.0 g·L~(-1),攪拌時間為2.0 h的條件下,選礦廢水中的COD濃度降至96.26 mg·L~(-1),重金屬鉛濃度降至0.38 mg·L~(-1),仍達(dá)不到排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。當(dāng)采用混凝沉淀預(yù)處理-化學(xué)氧化法時,在混凝沉淀處理條件相同,曝氣量為5.0 m3·h-1,臭氧濃度為10.0 mg·L~(-1),氧化時間為60 min的條件下,選礦廢水中的COD濃度降至68.16 mg·L~(-1),重金屬鉛濃度降至0.38 mg·L~(-1),不能使選礦廢水達(dá)標(biāo)排放,且此時的運行成本高達(dá)7.08元·t-1,遠(yuǎn)高于企業(yè)承受能力,需進(jìn)一步探究新的處理工藝。當(dāng)采用三維電解法時,研究采用的裝置為實驗室自主研發(fā)的新型“回”形三維電解裝置,在電解電壓為20.0 V,電流密度為40 mA·cm-2,極板間距為4.0 cm,初始pH值為5.0,Fe~(2+)濃度為0.18 mmol·L~(-1),粉末活性炭投加量為20 g·L~(-1),曝氣量為0.4 m3·h-1,電解時間為45 min的條件下,選礦廢水中的COD濃度及重金屬鉛濃度分別降至32.67 mg·L~(-1)和0.18 mg·L~(-1),達(dá)到并優(yōu)于排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn),此時的運行成本為5.7元·t-1,相對于傳統(tǒng)三維電解法其處理效率提升了25%,運行成本僅為傳統(tǒng)三維電解處理工藝的75%。三維電解法能持續(xù)、穩(wěn)定地同步去除礦廢水中的COD及重金屬,具有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。
[Abstract]:The pollutants contained in the wastewater are mainly persistent heavy metal ions, flotation reagents and oil stains, solid suspended solids, etc. If discharged directly through treatment, it will affect the farmland, rivers, and soil around the factory area and downstream areas of the concentrator. Wetlands and other destructive effects, and ultimately endanger human health. Therefore, it is necessary to select a suitable process for advanced treatment of mineral processing wastewater without introducing secondary pollution, and consider the factors such as investment cost, occupation area, operation cost and so on. The COD and heavy metals in the wastewater can be removed to the greatest extent, and the environment around the concentrator can be improved to provide the process selection and theoretical reference for the treatment of mineral processing wastewater in China. Coagulation precipitation is the most commonly used method for the treatment of mineral processing wastewater. This process can effectively remove heavy metals from mineral processing wastewater, but has little effect on COD removal from mineral processing wastewater. In this study, coagulation and precipitation were used to pretreat the wastewater, and then the physical adsorption method or chemical oxidation method was used to treat the wastewater, and the COD and heavy metals in the wastewater could be removed simultaneously by three dimensional electrolysis. This method can be directly used to treat raw water from mineral processing wastewater. Under the conditions of comprehensive comparison of the treatment effect, operation cost and stability, the most suitable treatment process and process parameters are selected. The results show that when the coagulation precipitation pretreatment and physical adsorption method are used, When the initial pH value of wastewater is 10.0, the dosage of coagulant FeCl_3 is 50 mg / L, the dosage of flocculant PAM is 30 mg / L, the coagulating time is 15 min, the dosage of activated carbon is 3.0 g / L ~ (-1), the stirring time is 2.0 h. The concentration of COD and heavy metal lead decreased to 96.26 mg / L ~ (-1) and 0.38 mg / L ~ (-1) ~ (-1) respectively, which still can not reach the discharge standard. When the coagulation precipitation pretreatment and chemical oxidation process were used, under the same conditions, the aeration rate was 5.0 m ~ 3 ~ (-1), the ozone concentration was 10.0 mg / L ~ (-1) and the oxidation time was 60 min. The concentration of COD in the wastewater is reduced to 68.16 mg / L, and the concentration of heavy metal lead is reduced to 0.38 mg / L ~ (-1), which can not make the wastewater discharge up to the standard, and the operating cost is as high as 7.08 Yuan / t ~ (-1), which is much higher than the capacity of the enterprise. The new treatment process should be further explored. When three dimensional electrolysis method is adopted, the device used in the study is a new type of "return" three-dimensional electrolysis device independently developed by the laboratory. When the electrolytic voltage is 20.0 V, the current density is 40 Ma cm ~ (-2), the distance between electrodes is 4.0 cm, the initial pH value is 5.0 mmol / L ~ (-1) ~ (-1), the dosage of powder activated carbon is 20 g / L ~ (-1), the aeration rate is 0.4 m ~ (3) ~ (-1), the electrolysis time is 45 min. The concentration of COD and heavy metal lead in the wastewater decreased to 32.67 mg / L ~ (-1) and 0.18 mg / L ~ (-1) respectively, which reached and was superior to the discharge standard. The operating cost is 5.7 yuan / t ~ (-1), which increases the treatment efficiency by 25% compared with the traditional three dimensional electrolysis process, and the operating cost is only 75% of the traditional three dimensional electrolytic treatment process. Three-dimensional electrolysis method can remove COD and heavy metals from ore wastewater in a steady and steady manner, which has a broad application prospect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X753

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本文編號：1980178