本文選題：南紅瑪瑙 + 致色元素　； 參考：《成都理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：南紅瑪瑙是一種隱晶質(zhì)礦物集合體,屬于瑪瑙的一種。自然界中天然產(chǎn)出的紅色寶玉石非常稀有,像南紅瑪瑙這樣擁有鮮艷的紅色,又同時具備油潤光澤的玉石可謂是目前市場上獨一無二的。此獨特性使得南紅瑪瑙成為收藏家們追逐的對象,收藏保值的最佳選擇。本文結(jié)合了前人對南紅瑪瑙研究的成果和野外礦區(qū)實地考察,介紹了南紅瑪瑙的市場情況、產(chǎn)地分布及分類;并通過偏光顯微鏡觀察、紅外光譜儀測試、電子探針數(shù)據(jù)等實驗方法對南紅瑪瑙的結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)造、化學(xué)成分進行分析;使用X射線熒光光譜儀和顯微拉曼光譜儀對南紅瑪瑙的致色元素和致色礦物進行了分析;結(jié)合礦區(qū)的地質(zhì)條件和歷史構(gòu)造運動簡單的分析了南紅瑪瑙的成礦環(huán)境及成因。近年來,南紅瑪瑙在市場上迅速躥紅,價格不斷上漲,原石供不應(yīng)求,好料更是難得。南紅瑪瑙主要有兩個產(chǎn)地,云南保山和四川涼山,云南保山的產(chǎn)量不大,并且多裂,而涼山產(chǎn)出的南紅瑪瑙則相對較完整。涼山南紅瑪瑙按顏色主要分為柿子紅、玫瑰紅、櫻桃紅、紅白料、冰飄、纏絲等幾大類。通過電子探針數(shù)據(jù)測試出SiO2的含量高達95%以上,其它含量較少,說明南紅瑪瑙的主要礦物成分為石英,其成分較為純凈,雜質(zhì)較少。通過顯微鏡下觀察南紅瑪瑙在單偏光鏡下為無色,在正交偏光鏡下觀察為隱晶質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu),可分為纖維狀結(jié)構(gòu)和粒狀結(jié)構(gòu),可見形態(tài)為纖維按生長環(huán)帶定向排列或長纖維、短纖維和細粒狀定向排列,幾乎不可見包裹體。通過紅外光譜儀測試南紅瑪瑙在2000~2800cm-1范圍內(nèi)有Si-O鍵的吸收,在3800cm-1有Si-O鍵的雙倍吸收,說明南紅瑪瑙的結(jié)構(gòu)是隱晶質(zhì)玉髓向顯晶質(zhì)石英過渡的一個過渡結(jié)構(gòu)。通過對南紅瑪瑙的粉末進行XRF測試,測試結(jié)果為南紅瑪瑙中除主要化學(xué)成分SiO2以外,還有Fe2O3、Al2O3、MnO、Cr2O3、CaO、MgO、TiO2、等化學(xué)成分,Fe2O3的含量為0.61%~1.26%,MnO的含量為0.05%~0.14%,Cr2O3的含量為0~0.2%。隨著Fe2O3的含量升高,南紅瑪瑙的紅色隨之越濃,說明其主要致色元素為Fe離子,其致色成分為Fe2O3,而Mn離子和Cr離子的含量對南紅瑪瑙的成色也有所影響,初步判斷為MnO含量越高,南紅瑪瑙的紅就越偏玫瑰色,Cr2O3含量越高,南紅瑪瑙的紅就越鮮艷;部分透明度較好的南紅瑪瑙肉眼可見顏色是由紅色的細小顆粒聚集而成,經(jīng)顯微拉曼光譜儀對此紅色顆粒進行測試,譜圖顯示在290 cm-1、610 cm-1、1320cm-1有明顯峰值,證明此顆粒為赤鐵礦。因此,可以說明南紅瑪瑙中主要致色元素Fe離子是以赤鐵礦的形式存在的。南紅瑪瑙為雜質(zhì)致色,其赤鐵礦顆粒的分布導(dǎo)致的南紅瑪瑙顏色的分布,顯微鏡下發(fā)現(xiàn)赤鐵礦顆粒在南紅瑪瑙中的分布呈三種形態(tài),第一種以沿南紅瑪瑙本身生長環(huán)帶分布的微晶—顯微隱晶微粒出現(xiàn);第二種以浸染狀、彌散狀或星云狀分布的隱晶微粒出現(xiàn);第三種是沿裂隙呈細脈狀貫入,并按原生長環(huán)帶擴散分布。推測第一種為原生致色,第二種和第三種為次生致色,致色原因與南紅瑪瑙成礦環(huán)境有關(guān)。根據(jù)該區(qū)野外實地考察以及對南紅瑪瑙原石和圍巖的分析,推斷南紅瑪瑙礦床屬于巖漿熱液型礦床。形成時代為二疊紀(jì)晚期,其物源為玄武巖巖漿噴發(fā)作用形成的熱液。成礦過程分為原生成礦和次生成礦,原生成礦為巖漿熱液在玄武巖氣孔中進行結(jié)晶成礦,在高溫富氧環(huán)境下使Fe2+氧化為Fe3+,進而在南紅瑪瑙中形成赤鐵礦顆粒,此顆粒使南紅瑪瑙呈紅色,顆粒的成色與成礦過程保持一致,由于巖漿多次噴溢導(dǎo)致了成礦環(huán)境的改變,使得南紅瑪瑙形成了圈層狀,高溫和高壓使南紅瑪瑙纖維化;次生成礦主要發(fā)生在二疊系晚期和三疊系早期,由于玄武巖的風(fēng)化剝蝕后,使得南紅瑪瑙賦存于以凝灰?guī)r為主的火山碎屑巖中,其次生礦床賦存于宣威組底部的底礫巖和東川組底部的殘積層。與成礦作用有直接關(guān)系的是偏基性凝灰?guī)r和以凝灰?guī)r為主的火山碎屑巖。二疊系峨眉山玄武巖組與宣威組之間所夾的凝灰質(zhì)火山碎屑巖直接控制著南紅瑪瑙礦產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)出與分布。
[Abstract]:Agate is a kind of crypto mineral aggregate, a kind of agate. The natural red gem stone is very rare in nature. It has bright red like South red agate, and the jade with oil gloss is unique in the market. This unique feature makes the agate chased by the collectors. In this paper, the market situation, distribution and classification of the agate in South Red Agate were introduced in this paper, and the structural structure and chemical composition of the agate in South Red Agate by the polarizing microscope observation, the infrared spectrometer test and the electronic probe data were introduced. The X ray fluorescence spectrometer and the micro Raman spectrometer were used to analyze the chromatic elements and chromatic minerals of agate in south red agate, and the metallogenic environment and causes of the agate were analyzed with the geological conditions and historical tectonic movement of the mining area. There are two main origins of the red agate, Baoshan and Liangshan in Yunnan, Liangshan in Sichuan, and Baoshan in Yunnan, which are less productive and more cracked, and the southern red agate of Liangshan is relatively complete. The red agate of Liangshan is divided mainly into persimmon red, rose red, cherry red, red and white material, ice floating, filament winding and so on. The content of SiO2 is more than 95%, and the other content is less. It shows that the main mineral component of agate is quartz, and its composition is pure and the impurity is less. The granular structure, the visible form of fiber according to the directional arrangement of growth ring or long fiber, short fiber and fine-grained orientation, almost invisible inclusions. Through the infrared spectrometer, the agate absorption of Si-O bond in the range of 2000~2800cm-1 and the double absorption of the Si-O bond in 3800cm-1 indicate that the structure of the agate is a cryptocrystalline chalcedony. A transition structure to crystalloid quartz. Through the XRF test of the powder of red agate, the results show that besides the main chemical composition SiO2 in the agate, there are Fe2O3, Al2O3, MnO, Cr2O3, CaO, MgO, TiO2, and so on. The content of Fe2O3 is 1.26%. As the content of 2O3 increases, the red agate of South Red Agate is thicker, indicating that its main chromatic element is Fe ion, and its color composition is Fe2O3, while the content of Mn and Cr ions also affects the color of agate in south red. The higher the MnO content, the more red agate red in south red agate, the higher the Cr2O3 content, the more red agate of South red. Bright colourful; the visible color of a partially transparent south red agate is visible from the red fine particles. The red particles are tested by the microraman spectrometer. The spectra show that there is a significant peak at 290 cm-1610 cm-11320cm-1, which proves that the particle is hematite. Therefore, the main chromatic element in the agate is Fe. The son is in the form of hematite. Nanhong agate is colored by impurities and the distribution of hematite particles leads to the distribution of the red agate color. Under the microscope, it is found that the distribution of hematite particles in agate is three forms. The first kind is microcrystalline microcrystalline particles distributed along the ring belt of the agate itself; second The appearance of cryptic particles in the form of disseminated, diffuse or nebulous distribution; the third is in a fine vein and spread along the fissure, and is distributed according to the original growth ring. The first is primary color, second and third are secondary, and the cause of color is related to the annulus of Nanhong agate. According to field field investigation and south red in this area The analysis of agate rock and surrounding rock concludes that the South Red Agate deposit belongs to the magmatic hydrothermal deposit. The formation age is late Permian, and its source is the hydrothermal fluid of basalt magma eruption. The metallogenic process is divided into primary ore and secondary ore-forming ore. The original ore deposit is magmatic hydrothermal solution in the pores of basaltic rock, and in high temperature and oxygen enrichment. Under the environment, Fe2+ is oxidized to Fe3+, and then red agate particles are formed in south red agate. This particle makes the red agate red, the color of the particles is consistent with the metallogenic process. Because of the multiple spilling of the magma, the mineralization environment is changed, and the agate is formed in the ring layer, and the agate is fibrosis in south red agate. It occurs mainly in the Late Permian and Early Triassic period. Due to the weathering and erosion of the basalt, the Nagan agate occurs in the volcanic clastic rocks dominated by the tuff. The secondary deposits occur in the bottom conglomerate at the bottom of the Xuanwei formation and the residual deposits at the bottom of the Dongchuan formation. The volcanic clastic rocks dominated by rock. The tuffaceous pyroclastic rocks between the Permian Mount Emei basalt group and Xuanwei group directly control the output and distribution of Nagan agate minerals.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P619.283

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