本文選題：井壁混凝土 + 硫酸鹽腐蝕��； 參考：《北京科技大學(xué)》2018年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)地下資源開(kāi)發(fā)的不斷深入,立井作為礦山生產(chǎn)的重要通道,其井筒結(jié)構(gòu)在滿(mǎn)足安全性設(shè)計(jì)的同時(shí),耐久性問(wèn)題日益突出;尤其我國(guó)20世紀(jì)八九十年代建設(shè)現(xiàn)今服役的大量礦井其井壁結(jié)構(gòu)多采用C30～C40混凝土,由于強(qiáng)度等級(jí)較低,隨服役時(shí)間增加耐久性問(wèn)題更加嚴(yán)峻,甚至出現(xiàn)井筒變形破裂進(jìn)而威脅礦井安全和正常生產(chǎn)。礦井井壁混凝土所處服役環(huán)境復(fù)雜,其服役性能和壽命不僅受地壓、擾動(dòng)等地質(zhì)條件制約,還與地下水、微生物等環(huán)境因素的長(zhǎng)期作用密不可分。因此井壁混凝土往往面臨力學(xué)過(guò)程和化學(xué)過(guò)程的雙重破壞,導(dǎo)致服役狀態(tài)和性能出現(xiàn)劣化。地下礦井水中常富含一些可溶性鹽,硫酸鹽是常見(jiàn)的一種,會(huì)使井壁混凝土受到化學(xué)侵蝕,地下水位的變化和礦井水的流動(dòng)又會(huì)對(duì)混凝土產(chǎn)生干濕交替的加速破壞作用。因此有必要結(jié)合礦井服役條件對(duì)硫酸鹽腐蝕環(huán)境中井壁混凝土材料的劣化特征與機(jī)理進(jìn)行研究,將有助于評(píng)價(jià)井壁結(jié)構(gòu)服役狀態(tài)和預(yù)測(cè)其使用壽命,也能為修復(fù)和加固提供參考。本文采用普通C30井壁混凝土,基于硫酸鹽腐蝕模擬試驗(yàn),進(jìn)行了物理力學(xué)測(cè)試以及微觀(guān)性能測(cè)試,研究了井壁混凝土在初始損傷、三向受力、加卸載擾動(dòng)和不同陽(yáng)離子成分等礦井服役條件和硫酸鹽腐蝕環(huán)境因素作用下物理力學(xué)性能劣化特征和機(jī)理,并基于硫酸鹽腐蝕機(jī)理探索減輕井壁混凝土硫酸鹽腐蝕劣化的途徑,主要研究?jī)?nèi)容和成果包括:(1)通過(guò)井壁混凝土硫酸鹽腐蝕的試驗(yàn)研究,分別基于抗壓、劈裂抗拉、抗折等強(qiáng)度值及超聲波波速建立劣化因子來(lái)定量評(píng)價(jià)井壁混凝土性能變化,并得到劣化因子隨腐蝕加劇而變化的函數(shù)關(guān)系,進(jìn)一步基于應(yīng)力應(yīng)變關(guān)系和聲發(fā)射累積振鈴計(jì)數(shù)建立井壁混凝土腐蝕受荷損傷演化方程,從而通過(guò)數(shù)學(xué)模型將腐蝕損傷和受荷損傷統(tǒng)一起來(lái)。(2)通過(guò)不同程度初始損傷下井壁混凝土硫酸鹽腐蝕的試驗(yàn)研究,從表觀(guān)、質(zhì)量、超聲波波速、強(qiáng)度、應(yīng)力-應(yīng)變關(guān)系及聲發(fā)射特性等方面對(duì)比分析了初始損傷下井壁混凝土硫酸鹽腐蝕的性能變化,并通過(guò)劣化因子對(duì)性能變化進(jìn)行定量評(píng)價(jià)和預(yù)測(cè),基于應(yīng)力應(yīng)變關(guān)系和聲發(fā)射特性建立了初始損傷下井壁混凝土的腐蝕受荷損傷模型,進(jìn)一步研究了硫酸鹽腐蝕對(duì)含初始損傷井壁混凝土微結(jié)構(gòu)和礦物元素的改造作用及腐蝕產(chǎn)物組分的變化,揭示了初始損傷井壁混凝土的腐蝕劣化機(jī)理。(3)通過(guò)對(duì)受硫酸鹽腐蝕的井壁混凝土開(kāi)展不同圍壓水平的三軸壓縮試驗(yàn),分析了腐蝕時(shí)間和圍壓條件對(duì)井壁混凝土破壞形式、變形和強(qiáng)度的影響,基于彈性模量和粘聚力變化建立劣化因子來(lái)定量表征硫酸鹽腐蝕引起的井壁混凝土三向受力性能變化,建立了考慮腐蝕效應(yīng)的井壁混凝土強(qiáng)度破壞準(zhǔn)則,并得到了井壁混凝土在硫酸鹽腐蝕和圍壓作用下的腐蝕受荷損傷演化模型和本構(gòu)關(guān)系,為評(píng)價(jià)三向受力狀態(tài)井壁混凝土的腐蝕劣化性能提供參考。(4)通過(guò)對(duì)受硫酸鹽腐蝕的井壁混凝土開(kāi)展三向應(yīng)力下的循環(huán)加卸載試驗(yàn),研究了應(yīng)力擾動(dòng)下混凝土的腐蝕劣化性能,并基于能量耗散的觀(guān)點(diǎn)采用能量比來(lái)定量研究硫酸鹽腐蝕環(huán)境中井壁混凝土受加卸載擾動(dòng)作用的劣化特征,為評(píng)價(jià)擾動(dòng)因素作用下井壁混凝土的腐蝕劣化性能提供參考。(5)通過(guò)試驗(yàn)研究了 Na+、Mg2+、NH4+三種常見(jiàn)陽(yáng)離子對(duì)井壁材料硫酸鹽腐蝕劣化的影響,從表觀(guān)、質(zhì)量、超聲波波速、抗壓及抗折強(qiáng)度變化等方面對(duì)比分析了硫酸鈉、硫酸鎂和硫酸銨腐蝕環(huán)境中井壁材料的性能變化,并通過(guò)劣化因子對(duì)性能變化進(jìn)行定量評(píng)價(jià),采用環(huán)境掃描電鏡、能譜分析及X射線(xiàn)衍射等微觀(guān)試驗(yàn)手段觀(guān)測(cè)分析硫酸鹽腐蝕環(huán)境中Na+、Mg2+、NH4+三種常見(jiàn)陽(yáng)離子對(duì)井壁材料微結(jié)構(gòu)和礦物元素及腐蝕產(chǎn)物組成的影響,進(jìn)一步揭示了以Na+、Mg2+、NH4+三種陽(yáng)離子為主的硫酸鹽腐蝕環(huán)境中井壁材料的劣化機(jī)理。(6)針對(duì)硫酸鹽腐蝕環(huán)境,通過(guò)引入氫氧化鋇利用Ba2+能與SO42-結(jié)合生成BaSO4進(jìn)而調(diào)控和影響腐蝕反應(yīng),從表觀(guān)、質(zhì)量、超聲波波速、單軸壓縮力學(xué)特征等方面對(duì)比分析了氫氧化鋇的摻入對(duì)井壁混凝土宏觀(guān)性能變化的改善,并借助環(huán)境掃描電鏡、能譜分析、X射線(xiàn)衍射及熱重-差熱分析等微觀(guān)試驗(yàn)分析了氫氧化鋇對(duì)井壁混凝土微觀(guān)結(jié)構(gòu)和反應(yīng)產(chǎn)物的影響,進(jìn)一步揭示了氫氧化鋇的作用機(jī)理。
[Abstract]:With the development of underground resources in our country, as the important channel of mine production, the shaft structure of the mine can meet the safety design, while the durability problem is becoming more and more prominent, especially in the large number of mine construction in the present service in 80s and 90s twentieth Century, its well wall structure is mostly C30 to C40 concrete, because the strength grade is low. With the increase of service time, the problem of durability is more severe, and even the shaft deformation and rupture will threaten the safety and normal production of the mine. The service environment of the shaft wall concrete is complicated, and its service performance and life are not only restricted by geological conditions, such as ground pressure, disturbance and so on, but also with the long-term effect of environmental factors such as underground water and microorganism. Therefore, the shaft wall concrete often faces double destruction of mechanical process and chemical process, which leads to deterioration of service state and performance. Underground mine water is often rich in soluble salt. Sulphate is a common kind, which will make the wall concrete suffer chemical erosion. The change of groundwater level and the flow of mine water will produce the concrete. Therefore, it is necessary to study the deterioration characteristics and mechanism of the well wall concrete in the sulphate corrosion environment, which will be helpful to evaluate the service state of the wall structure and predict the service life of the well wall, and also provide reference for the repair and consolidation. In this paper, the common C30 well wall coagulation is used in this paper. Soil, based on the simulation test of sulfate corrosion, the physical and mechanical tests and micro performance tests were carried out to study the deterioration characteristics and mechanism of the physical mechanical properties of the well wall concrete under the initial damage, three direction force, loading and unloading disturbance and different cation components, and sulphate corrosion environmental factors, and based on sulphuric acid. The main research contents and achievements of salt corrosion mechanism are as follows: (1) through experimental research on sulfate corrosion of well wall concrete, based on compression, splitting tensile, flexural strength and ultrasonic wave velocity, the deterioration factor is established to evaluate the performance change of the wall concrete, and the results are obtained. The function relation of the deterioration factor with the aggravation of corrosion, further based on the stress-strain relationship and the sound emission cumulative ringing count to establish the damage evolution equation of the shaft wall concrete corrosion, and then unite the corrosion damage and the load damage through the mathematical model. (2) through the different degree initial damage of the shaft wall concrete sulphate The performance changes of sulfate corrosion in well wall concrete under initial damage are compared and analyzed from the aspects of apparent, mass, ultrasonic wave velocity, strength, stress strain relationship and acoustic emission characteristics, and the quantitative evaluation and prediction of the performance changes are carried out by the deterioration factor, based on the stress-strain relationship and acoustic emission characteristics. The corrosion damage model of the shaft wall concrete under initial damage is used to further study the modification of the sulfate corrosion to the initial damage wall concrete microstructures and mineral elements and the changes in the components of the corrosion products. The corrosion deterioration mechanism of the initial damaged well wall concrete is revealed. (3) the well wall coagulation of the well wall concrete is coagulated by the sulfate corrosion. Three axial compression tests with different confining pressure are carried out in the soil. The influence of corrosion time and confining pressure on the damage form, deformation and strength of the wall concrete is analyzed. Based on the modulus of elasticity and cohesion, the deterioration factor is established to quantify the three direction behavior changes of the shaft wall concrete caused by sulfate corrosion, and the corrosion effect is considered. In order to evaluate the corrosion deterioration performance of well wall concrete in three direction in stress state, the damage evolution model and constitutive relation of the shaft wall concrete under the action of sulfate corrosion and confining pressure are obtained. (4) under the three direction stress of the well wall concrete subjected to sulphate corrosion, the corrosion deterioration performance of the well wall concrete is provided. The corrosion deterioration performance of concrete under stress disturbance is studied by cyclic loading and unloading test. Based on the energy dissipation, the energy ratio is used to quantitatively study the deterioration characteristics of the loading and unloading disturbance of the well wall concrete in the sulfate corrosion environment, which can be used as a reference for evaluating the corrosion deterioration performance of the wall concrete under the effect of disturbance. 5) the effects of three kinds of Na+, Mg2+ and NH4+ cations on Sulphate corrosion deterioration of well wall materials were studied through experiments. The performance changes of the well wall materials in the corrosive environment of sodium sulfate, Magnesium Sulfate and ammonium sulfate were compared and analyzed in terms of apparent, mass, ultrasonic wave velocity, compression and flexural strength, and the performance changes were changed by the deterioration factor. The effects of three kinds of common cations, Na+, Mg2+, NH4+, on the microstructure of well wall materials and the composition of mineral elements and corrosion products were observed and analyzed by the environmental scanning electron microscopy, energy spectrum analysis and X ray diffraction, and the three cations based on Na+, Mg2+ and NH4+ were further revealed. The deterioration mechanism of well wall materials in the environment of salt corrosion. (6) according to the sulfate corrosion environment, Ba2+ can be combined with SO42- to generate BaSO4 by introducing barium hydroxide and then regulate and influence the corrosion reaction. From the aspects of apparent, mass, ultrasonic wave velocity, and uniaxial compression mechanical characteristics, the mixing of barium hydroxide to the macro wall concrete macroscopically is analyzed. By means of environmental scanning electron microscopy, energy spectrum analysis, X ray diffraction and thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis, the effects of barium hydroxide on the microstructure and reaction products of the well wall concrete were analyzed by environmental scanning electron microscopy, and the mechanism of barium hydroxide was further revealed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2018
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU528;TD262

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