本文選題：近距離煤層 + 大采高綜放��； 參考：《太原理工大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近距離煤層在我國較為普遍,分布廣泛。我國煤礦大都使用長壁、下行開采方法,且使用全部垮落法管理頂板,這引起了很多采空區(qū)下近距離煤層的開采問題,也越來越受到人們的重視。近距離煤層大采高綜放開采,由于煤層開采厚度很大,相對于普通采高,圍巖活動范圍明顯增大,頂煤采出后,容易垮落的巖層在短時間內無法充滿采空區(qū),傳統(tǒng)意義上的基本頂在這種情況下無法形成穩(wěn)定的“砌體梁”結構,轉化為直接頂巖層,形成類似于“懸臂梁”結構。上覆巖層結構以及層間頂板的完整性和強度在上煤層開采時已經受到損傷,下煤層開采時,圍巖應力受到二次采動影響會引起一系列新的礦山壓力現象,比如工作面更容易出現頂板冒漏和壓架事故。受上煤層遺留的順向煤柱應力集中的影響,煤柱下采場空間支架載荷通常都很大,工作面煤壁片幫嚴重,支架容易出現低頭、損壞和壓架等現象,圍巖更難控制。本文以上榆泉煤礦10~#煤層I031001綜放面為研究對象,分析采空區(qū)下和煤柱下上覆巖層結構特征和礦山壓力顯現規(guī)律。將兩者進行對比研究,研究結果表明:(1)根據煤層覆巖條件和開采方法,分析下煤層開采時上覆巖層破斷、垮落和穩(wěn)定情況,得出采空區(qū)下上覆巖層形成“頂煤+直接頂巖層+基本頂巖層+垮落帶巖層+裂隙帶巖層”結構,煤柱下上覆巖層形成“拱—傳遞巖梁結構”。(2)采空區(qū)下和煤柱下來壓步距差別不大;受到提前卸壓處理的影響,煤柱下初次來壓動載系數為1.51,比較大;受煤柱集中應力的影響,煤柱下非來壓期間支架載荷較大,是采空區(qū)下支架載荷的120%,采空區(qū)下周期來壓動載系數是煤柱下的118%。(3)理論估算法和實測法所得支架工作阻力相差不大。采空區(qū)下和煤柱下理論計算的支架工作阻力最大,分別為14822KN、14800KN,相差很小,與實際觀測符合。理論計算法、最大載荷法和均方差法總平均值為13078KN,可知,液壓支架ZFY10200/25/42D額定工作阻力無法滿足實際生產需要的額定工作阻力。(4)工作面支架安全閥經常開啟、煤壁片幫嚴重,架前煤層易冒落、支架頂梁接頂不充分、支架頂梁大幅度的低頭,由此可知,ZFY10200/25/42D無法滿足工作面安全、高效生產的要求。對比二柱式、四柱式放頂煤支架的優(yōu)缺點,推薦使用額定工作阻力不小于15000 KN的四柱式綜放支撐掩護式液壓支架。
[Abstract]:The near-distance coal seam is widespread and widely distributed in our country. Most coal mines in our country use longwall and downlink mining methods, and use all the caving method to manage roof, which has caused many problems of mining near coal seam under goaf, and has also been paid more and more attention by people. Due to the thickness of coal seam is very large, the range of surrounding rock activity is obviously increased compared with ordinary mining height. After the top coal mining, the strata which are easy to collapse can not be filled with goaf in a short time. In this case, the traditional basic roof can not form a stable "masonry beam" structure, which can be transformed into a direct top rock layer, forming a structure similar to "cantilever beam". The integrity and strength of the overlying strata and the interstory roof have been damaged in the mining of the upper coal seam, and the stress of the surrounding rock will be affected by the secondary mining during the mining of the lower coal seam, which will cause a series of new mine pressure phenomena. For example, the face is more prone to roof leakage and pressure frame accident. Affected by the stress concentration of the vertical pillar left over from the upper coal seam, the space support load under the coal pillar is usually very large, the coal face wall cover is serious, the support is prone to bow down, damage and pressure frame, etc., the surrounding rock is more difficult to control. In this paper, I031001 fully mechanized caving face of 10 # coal seam in Yuquan coal mine is studied, and the structural characteristics of overlying strata under goaf and coal pillar and the law of mine pressure appearance are analyzed. The results show that according to the overburden condition and mining method of coal seam, the overlying strata are broken, caved down and stable during coal seam mining. It is concluded that the overlying strata under the goaf form the structure of "the crack zone of the rock layer in the caving zone of the basic top rock layer of the direct top rock formation of the top coal". Under the coal pillar overburden formation "arch-transfer rock beam structure". 2) the gap between the goaf and the coal pillar is not different from that of the coal pillar, and the initial dynamic loading coefficient under the pillar is 1.51, which is influenced by the pressure-relief treatment, and is affected by the concentration stress of the coal pillar. The support load under the coal pillar is larger than that under the coal pillar during the non-pressure period, which is 120 of the support load under the goaf, and the coefficient of dynamic load under the next period of the goaf is the 118.1% under the coal pillar) the working resistance of the support obtained by the theoretical estimation method and the actual measurement method is not different from that obtained by the actual measurement method. The working resistance calculated under goaf and coal pillar is 14822KN / 14800KN respectively, which is in good agreement with the actual observation. The theoretical calculation method, the maximum load method and the mean square error method are 13078KNs. It can be seen that the ZFY10200/25/42D rated working resistance of the hydraulic support cannot meet the rated working resistance of practical production.) the safety valve of the support in the working face is often opened, and the coal wall flake is serious. The coal seam in front of the frame is easy to fall, the top beam of the support is not fully connected, and the top beam of the support is lowered by a large margin. Therefore, it can not meet the requirements of safe and efficient production of the working face by ZFY 10200 / 25 / 42D. Compared with the advantages and disadvantages of two-column and four-pillar caving coal caving support, it is recommended to use four-pillar fully mechanized caving support cover hydraulic support with rated working resistance of not less than 15000 KN.
【學位授予單位】：太原理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD323

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