發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-26 16:17

  本文選題：自適應(yīng) + 各向異性　； 參考：《成都理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：地震勘探獲取的數(shù)據(jù)中往往存在大量的噪聲,濾波成為地震勘探數(shù)據(jù)處理的基礎(chǔ)和關(guān)鍵因素。由于地質(zhì)構(gòu)造運(yùn)動(dòng)的作用,地層中斷裂發(fā)育帶的空間分布具有一定的方向性和延展性。利用這一性質(zhì),可在壓制地震背景噪聲干擾的同時(shí)有選擇性地突出特定方向上的地質(zhì)異常信息,有利于突出儲(chǔ)層的空間分布和內(nèi)部的精細(xì)結(jié)構(gòu)、斷層和裂縫系統(tǒng)、褶皺等地震異常特征。大量的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),斷層、斷裂發(fā)育帶的波場(chǎng)響應(yīng)特征與斷裂欠發(fā)育帶存在明顯的邊界或邊緣,因此識(shí)別和圈定這些邊界,就可以確定斷裂發(fā)育帶的空間分布,斷裂發(fā)育帶的識(shí)別就轉(zhuǎn)化為尋找和檢測(cè)地震波場(chǎng)的邊緣或奇異值。本文通過對(duì)自適應(yīng)定向擴(kuò)散濾波方法的研究,探討該濾波方法與傳統(tǒng)濾波方法的區(qū)別。該方法在濾波過程中通過控制濾波方向,突出地質(zhì)構(gòu)造中特定方向的異常信息。同時(shí)對(duì)二維層面曲率屬性和三維體曲率屬性進(jìn)行了探討,通過對(duì)比分析,列舉了二維層面曲率的優(yōu)點(diǎn)與缺陷。體曲率屬性在計(jì)算過程中能充分利用地震數(shù)據(jù)的空間方位信息,能夠反映裂縫排列方向和區(qū)域應(yīng)力之間的關(guān)系,獲取的曲率屬性包含更為豐富的地質(zhì)信息,其在裂縫型油氣藏的勘探、開發(fā)和管理中有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。本文主要的研究?jī)?nèi)容包括:(1)自適應(yīng)定向擴(kuò)散濾波分析方法。自適應(yīng)定向擴(kuò)散濾波能對(duì)地層信息進(jìn)行選擇性識(shí)別,通過控制濾波方向,更好的展示地質(zhì)構(gòu)造特征,達(dá)到高分辨率構(gòu)造精細(xì)識(shí)別的效果。本文首先介紹了經(jīng)典高斯濾波的方法原理,探討了該方法的局限性,并在此基礎(chǔ)上,推導(dǎo)出各向異性高斯迭代平滑濾波的方法及其實(shí)現(xiàn)算法。建立相應(yīng)的地質(zhì)模型進(jìn)行試算,演示該方法的實(shí)現(xiàn)過程,證明其可行性,突出該算法相對(duì)于經(jīng)典算法的優(yōu)越性。實(shí)際地震資料的應(yīng)用表明,各向異性高斯迭代平滑濾波方法相對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)濾波方法在去噪以及構(gòu)造識(shí)別方面具有更好的效果。(2)曲率屬性分析及實(shí)際資料應(yīng)用。在數(shù)學(xué)上,曲率用于度量曲線的彎曲程度,曲率屬性是利用曲率分析方法來(lái)計(jì)算地質(zhì)體在空間上的分布特征,描述地質(zhì)體的幾何變化,與地震反射體的彎曲程度相對(duì)應(yīng),對(duì)地質(zhì)體中巖層的褶皺、斷層、彎曲和裂縫等特征反應(yīng)極為敏感,是尋找地質(zhì)體構(gòu)造特征的有效手段。本文介紹了二維層面曲率屬性的計(jì)算方法,列舉了常用曲率屬性的用途和特點(diǎn)。隨后探討了二維層面曲率的局限性,在瞬時(shí)參數(shù)分析的基礎(chǔ)上,推導(dǎo)出三維體曲率屬性分析方法,通過與二維層面曲率對(duì)比,表明三維體曲率獲取的地質(zhì)信息更為準(zhǔn)確和全面。利用三維體曲率在計(jì)算時(shí)能充分利用空間方位信息的優(yōu)點(diǎn),在三維體曲率算法的基礎(chǔ)上加入方位信息,得到各向異性體曲率屬性分析方法。通過對(duì)地質(zhì)模型進(jìn)行試算和實(shí)際地震數(shù)據(jù)的處理,分析該算法的可行性。為了進(jìn)一步突出地震數(shù)據(jù)中的地質(zhì)構(gòu)造特定方向上的異常信息,本文將自適應(yīng)定向擴(kuò)散濾波與各向異性體曲率屬性聯(lián)合應(yīng)用,通過對(duì)地質(zhì)模型以及實(shí)際地震資料的處理,結(jié)果表明本文提出方法可在壓制地震噪聲背景干擾的同時(shí)突出具體方向的地質(zhì)異常信息。(3)自適應(yīng)定向擴(kuò)散濾波的邊緣檢測(cè)。自適應(yīng)定向擴(kuò)散濾波方法在壓制噪聲的同時(shí)還能使地質(zhì)構(gòu)造中的斷層、裂縫等變得光滑且連續(xù)。通過改進(jìn)算法,可將該方法用于圖像及地震數(shù)據(jù)的邊緣檢測(cè)。本文將該方法用于Lena模型的邊緣檢測(cè),將其邊緣檢測(cè)結(jié)果與經(jīng)典的Robert算子、Prewitt算子和Sobel算子的邊緣檢測(cè)結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析。結(jié)果表明,不論是在圖像大體輪廓還是細(xì)節(jié)部分的刻畫上,該算法較其它三種算法的檢測(cè)結(jié)果都要好,其檢測(cè)出的邊緣保持了更好的連續(xù)性,極少出現(xiàn)缺口、毛刺等缺點(diǎn)。在實(shí)際地震資料的應(yīng)用中,該方法對(duì)于地質(zhì)構(gòu)造特征如斷層、裂隙、溶洞、古河道等的邊緣檢測(cè)具有良好的效果。
[Abstract]:There is often a lot of noise in the data obtained by seismic exploration, and filtering has become the foundation and key factor of seismic data processing. Due to the effect of geological tectonic movement, the spatial distribution of the fracture development zone has a certain direction and ductility. It is helpful to highlight the geological anomaly information in the specific direction, which is beneficial to the spatial distribution of the reservoir and the internal fine structure, the fault and fracture system, the fold and other seismic anomaly characteristics. In order to determine the boundary, the spatial distribution of the fracture development zone can be determined. The identification of the fracture development zone is transformed into the edge or the singular value of the seismic wave field. This paper discusses the difference between the filtering method and the traditional filtering method by the study of the adaptive directional diffusion filtering method. The abnormal information in the specific direction of geological structure is highlighted in the direction of the wave. At the same time, the curvature attribute and the three-dimensional body curvature attribute of the two-dimensional layer are discussed. Through the contrast analysis, the advantages and defects of the two-dimensional plane curvature are enumerated. The body curvature property can make full use of the spatial orientation information of the ground seismic data in the calculation process, and can reflect the cracks. The relationship between the orientation and the regional stress, the acquired curvature attribute contains more abundant geological information, and it has a broad application prospect in the exploration, development and management of fractured reservoirs. The main contents of this paper include: (1) adaptive directional diffusion filter analysis method. Adaptive directional diffusion filter can be used for formation information. In this paper, the principle of classical Gauss filtering is introduced and the limitation of the method is discussed. On the basis of this, the method and its implementation of anisotropic Gauss iterative smoothing filter are derived. The corresponding geological model is set up to demonstrate the implementation process of the method and demonstrate its feasibility and highlight the superiority of the algorithm compared with the classical algorithm. The application of the actual seismic data shows that the anisotropic Gauss iterative smoothing filter is better than the traditional filter method in denoising and constructing recognition. (2) curvature attribute analysis and application of actual data. In mathematics, curvature is used to measure the degree of curvature of a curve. The curvature attribute is the use of curvature analysis to calculate the spatial distribution characteristics of geological bodies, describe the geometric changes of the geological bodies, correspond to the curvature of the seismic reflectors, and the folds and faults of the strata in the geological bodies. The characteristic reaction of bending and crack is very sensitive, and it is an effective means to find the characteristics of geological structure. This paper introduces the method of calculating the curvature attribute of two-dimensional layer, enumerates the use and characteristics of the common curvature properties, and then discusses the limitation of the curvature of the two-dimensional layer. On the basis of the instantaneous parameter analysis, it derives the three-dimensional body curvature. By comparing with two-dimensional curvature, the method of sex analysis shows that the geological information obtained by three-dimensional body curvature is more accurate and comprehensive. Using three-dimensional body curvature to make full use of the advantages of spatial orientation information and add azimuth information on the basis of three-dimensional body curvature algorithm, the method of analyzing the curvature attribute of anisotropic body is obtained. In order to further highlight the abnormal information in the specific direction of the geological structure in seismic data, the adaptive directional diffusion filter is combined with the anisotropic body curvature attribute, and the geological model and the actual seismic data are applied to the geological model. The results show that the proposed method can suppress the seismic noise background interference and highlight the specific geological anomaly information. (3) the edge detection of adaptive directional diffusion filtering. The adaptive directional diffusion filter can make the faults and cracks in the geological structure smooth and continuous while the noise is suppressed. This method can be applied to edge detection of image and seismic data. This method is applied to edge detection of Lena model, and its edge detection results are compared with the classical Robert operator, Prewitt operator and the edge detection result of Sobel operator. The results show that it is not on the gross outline or the detail section of the image. In the painting, the algorithm is better than the other three algorithms, and its detected edge keeps better continuity and few defects, such as the gap and burr. In the application of the actual seismic data, the method has good effect on the edge detection of geological structures, such as faults, cracks, karst caves, ancient rivers and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P631.443

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