本文選題：激光焊接 + 304不銹鋼　； 參考：《中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：立柱是液壓支架設(shè)備中的易損件,煤礦嚴(yán)重的腐蝕環(huán)境直接影響著立柱的使用壽命,容易出現(xiàn)磨損、腐蝕、變形等現(xiàn)象,從而導(dǎo)致液壓系統(tǒng)失效,因此,要對(duì)立柱表面進(jìn)行處理。傳統(tǒng)的表面處理方法為電鍍、化學(xué)鍍和激光熔覆,前者容易產(chǎn)生含重金屬離子的電鍍廢水和各類酸霧廢氣,污染嚴(yán)重,后者使用的熔覆合金粉末制作成本高、周期長(zhǎng),且增加空氣中會(huì)懸浮顆粒物,本文首次提出用激光包覆焊接代替激光熔覆,以薄板帶材代替粉末,對(duì)立柱表面進(jìn)行處理。本文首先以304不銹鋼和27SiMn鋼為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)其進(jìn)行單道激光搭接焊和激光包覆焊,通過光學(xué)顯微鏡、掃描電鏡、X射線衍射分析儀、磨損試驗(yàn)機(jī)以及電化學(xué)測(cè)試站,研究焊縫的凝固模式、工藝參數(shù)對(duì)焊縫形貌的影響以及所制備焊接復(fù)合層的耐磨性和耐腐蝕性,然后再以Inconel 718合金代替304不銹鋼進(jìn)行包覆焊制備復(fù)合層,對(duì)比兩種復(fù)合層的耐磨性和耐腐蝕性。研究結(jié)果如下:304不銹鋼焊縫的邊緣為柱狀晶,中心為等軸晶,室溫下的組織為鐵素體和奧氏體;27SiMn鋼焊縫的中心組織以板條狀的馬氏體為主,熱影響區(qū)組織為馬氏體和貝氏體;兩種材料進(jìn)行搭接焊時(shí),獲得了良好的冶金結(jié)合,焊縫過渡區(qū)組織為馬氏體、鐵素體和奧氏體,304不銹鋼母材的平均顯微硬度約為178.1 HV,焊縫的平均硬度為279.4 HV,27SiMn鋼母材的平均顯微硬度約為260.1 HV,焊縫的平均顯微硬度約為392.9 HV。不同工藝參數(shù)均能獲得平整、光滑、致密的焊縫。隨著激光功率的增加,焊縫的熔深、熔寬以及硬度值均增大;隨著焊接速度的增加,焊縫的熔深、熔寬減小,焊接速度的變化對(duì)焊縫的硬度影響不大;焊縫熔深和硬度均隨離焦量的變化先增加后減小,而對(duì)熔寬的影響較小,各工藝參數(shù)下焊縫的束腰高和束腰寬均變化不大。在不同的激光功率、焊接速度、離焦量以及搭接率下,均能獲得成形良好的304不銹鋼/27SiMn鋼復(fù)合層;在激光功率400 W、焊接速度0.8 m/min、離焦量0 mm以及搭接60%的工藝參數(shù)下,復(fù)合層的磨損量最小;對(duì)304不銹鋼/27SiMn鋼復(fù)合層進(jìn)行電化學(xué)測(cè)試并與304不銹鋼母材進(jìn)行比較,復(fù)合層的耐腐蝕性略差于304不銹鋼母材。對(duì)Inconel 718合金和27SiMn鋼進(jìn)行激光包覆焊制備復(fù)合層,其表面硬度值是304不銹鋼/27SiMn鋼復(fù)合層的1.74倍,磨損量也僅為304不銹鋼/27SiMn鋼焊復(fù)合層的65%,但耐腐蝕性能略差于304不銹鋼/27SiMn鋼復(fù)合層。
[Abstract]:The pillar is the easily damaged part in the hydraulic support equipment, the serious corrosion environment of the coal mine directly affects the service life of the pillar, easy to appear the phenomenon such as wear, corrosion, deformation and so on, thus causes the hydraulic system to fail, therefore, The surface of the column should be treated. The traditional surface treatment methods are electroplating, electroless plating and laser cladding. The former can easily produce electroplating wastewater containing heavy metal ions and all kinds of acid mist exhaust gas. In this paper, laser cladding welding instead of laser cladding and thin strip instead of powder are proposed to treat the surface of column. In this paper, 304 stainless steel and 27SiMn steel were first studied, and the single pass laser lap welding and laser cladding welding were carried out. By means of optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction analyzer, wear tester and electrochemical test station. The solidification mode of weld, the influence of process parameters on weld morphology and the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the welded composite layer were studied. Then, the composite layer was prepared by coating and welding with Inconel 718 alloy instead of 304 stainless steel. The wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the two kinds of composite layers are compared. The results are as follows: the edge of the weld is columnar and the center is equiaxed. At room temperature, the microstructure of the weld is mainly composed of lath martensite and martensite at room temperature, and the microstructure of the heat-affected zone is martensite and bainite. Good metallurgical bonding was obtained in the lap welding of the two materials, and the microstructure of the transition zone of the weld was martensite. The average microhardness of ferrite and austenitic stainless steel is about 178.1 HV. the average hardness of weld is about 260.1 HV. the average microhardness of weld is about 392.9 HV. Smooth, smooth and compact welds can be obtained with different process parameters. With the increase of laser power, the weld penetration depth, weld width and hardness increase, and with the increase of welding speed, the weld penetration depth and weld width decrease, and the variation of welding speed has little effect on the weld hardness. The weld penetration depth and hardness increased first and then decreased with the change of defocusing amount, but had little effect on the weld width. The composite layer of 304 stainless steel / 27SiMn steel can be obtained with different laser power, welding speed, defocusing amount and lap ratio, and the laser power 400 W, welding speed 0.8 m / min, defocus 0 mm and lap 60% process parameters are obtained, and the results are as follows: (1) when the laser power is 400 W, the welding speed is 0.8 m / min, the defocus is 0 mm, and the lap ratio is 60%. The corrosion resistance of the composite layer was slightly worse than that of 304 stainless steel base metal, and the electrochemical test of 304 stainless steel / 27SiMn composite layer was carried out and compared with 304 stainless steel base metal. The surface hardness of Inconel 718 alloy and 27SiMn steel was 1.74 times of that of 304 stainless steel / 27SiMn steel by laser cladding welding, and the surface hardness of the composite layer was 1.74 times higher than that of 304 stainless steel / 27SiMn steel. The wear rate is only 65% of 304 stainless steel / 27SiMn composite layer, but the corrosion resistance is slightly worse than 304 stainless steel / 27SiMn steel composite layer.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TD355.4;TG456.7

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本文編號(hào)：1935204