發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-21 15:17

  本文選題：單軸 + 巖爆傾向性　； 參考：《江西理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：埋藏于深部和中深部金屬礦山由于地應(yīng)力的不斷增大誘發(fā)巖爆可能性越來(lái)越大。由深部開(kāi)采高應(yīng)力引起的開(kāi)采技術(shù)問(wèn)題越來(lái)越多,根據(jù)礦床開(kāi)采技術(shù)條件和礦體賦存特征。避免巖爆帶來(lái)的危害,選擇經(jīng)濟(jì)合理的防護(hù)措施以實(shí)現(xiàn)礦山安全高效開(kāi)采,保證礦山可持續(xù)生產(chǎn),是目前越來(lái)越多金屬礦山迫切需要解決的重大技術(shù)問(wèn)題。深部巖體在地殼運(yùn)動(dòng)作用下應(yīng)變能大量聚集,形成很大的初始應(yīng)力。深部回采使得聚集的應(yīng)變能突然釋放形成巖爆,巖爆的發(fā)生一方面與初始應(yīng)力場(chǎng)有關(guān),另一方面與巖石承載過(guò)程中變形及儲(chǔ)能特性有很大的關(guān)聯(lián)。巖石破壞過(guò)程伴隨了彈性波的釋放,而聲發(fā)射監(jiān)測(cè)技術(shù)能捕捉巖石加載過(guò)程產(chǎn)生的瞬態(tài)彈性波,所以利用聲發(fā)射檢測(cè)結(jié)果作為巖石材料破裂判據(jù)在巖石力學(xué)研究領(lǐng)域一直都是研究重點(diǎn)。聲發(fā)射表征巖石破壞方面形成眾多有益結(jié)論,但真正將聲發(fā)射測(cè)試用于巖爆的判別尚不多見(jiàn)。本次課題采用彈性能量指數(shù)作為巖石巖爆傾向性判據(jù)。進(jìn)行深部回采不同深度灰?guī)r試樣的巖爆傾向性實(shí)驗(yàn),得到了不同深度灰?guī)r試樣的加卸載過(guò)程應(yīng)力-應(yīng)變曲線。在實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程中進(jìn)行聲發(fā)射測(cè)試,分析加卸載全過(guò)程聲發(fā)射累計(jì)能量隨時(shí)間的變化規(guī)律,得到不同巖爆傾向性試樣聲發(fā)射累計(jì)能量變化特征,通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)分析揭示巖爆傾向灰?guī)r聲發(fā)射響應(yīng)特征。通過(guò)分析試驗(yàn)過(guò)程聲發(fā)射累計(jì)能量變化率,定義了累計(jì)能量反應(yīng)比E_k等于加卸載過(guò)程聲發(fā)射累計(jì)能量變化率與加卸載轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)聲發(fā)射累計(jì)能量變化率的比值。結(jié)果表明:(1)隨著深度的增加,巖石單軸抗壓強(qiáng)度有逐步增大的趨勢(shì),這為巖石的巖爆發(fā)生提供了有利條件,進(jìn)而印證了隨深度增加灰?guī)r巖爆發(fā)生的可能性越大,從另一方面說(shuō)明了巖石的巖爆與深度有著密切相關(guān)性。(2)加載時(shí),隨著賦存深度增加,巖石存儲(chǔ)應(yīng)變能的能力在增強(qiáng);卸載時(shí),隨著深度增加,深度越深灰?guī)r在卸載過(guò)程的聲發(fā)射累積能量增加幅度越小,由此可知不同深度灰?guī)r累積能量的變化率存在明顯的區(qū)別。(3)隨著賦存深度增加,灰?guī)r加卸載滯回環(huán)的面積逐步減小,說(shuō)明灰?guī)r存儲(chǔ)應(yīng)變能的能力逐步增加,這是誘發(fā)巖爆的重要因素。巖石的巖爆傾向呈現(xiàn)越來(lái)越大的趨勢(shì):對(duì)不同深度灰?guī)r試樣進(jìn)行巖爆傾向性實(shí)驗(yàn),分析加卸載過(guò)程彈性應(yīng)變能指數(shù)W_(et)發(fā)現(xiàn),隨深度增加,彈性應(yīng)變能指數(shù)逐漸增大,巖爆傾向趨于明顯。(4)通過(guò)加卸載過(guò)程累計(jì)聲發(fā)射能量進(jìn)行分析表明,加載和卸載過(guò)程中巖爆傾向性不明顯的灰?guī)r試樣聲發(fā)射累計(jì)能量的增加幅度要遠(yuǎn)大于具有明顯巖爆傾向的灰?guī)r試樣,且隨著巖爆傾向性增強(qiáng),聲發(fā)射累計(jì)能量的增加幅度在逐步變小。加卸載轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)處,具有明顯巖爆傾向的灰?guī)r聲發(fā)射累計(jì)能量出現(xiàn)突增現(xiàn)象。(5)通過(guò)對(duì)加卸載全過(guò)程聲發(fā)射累計(jì)能量變化率進(jìn)行分析,定義了聲發(fā)射累計(jì)能量反應(yīng)比E_k。通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)E_k值大于1時(shí),巖石巖爆傾向性不明顯;當(dāng)E_k值小于1時(shí),巖石巖爆傾向性較強(qiáng),另外,加載和卸載的過(guò)程中E_k值越平靜,巖爆的傾向性越強(qiáng)。因此,通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程得到的聲發(fā)射累計(jì)能量反應(yīng)比E_k值可為深部巖石巖爆傾向性判識(shí)提供一定的參考依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:In the deep and middle and deep metal mines, the possibility of rockburst is more and more likely to be induced by the increasing stress in the mine. More and more mining technologies are caused by the high stress in deep mining. According to the mining technical conditions and ore deposit characteristics, the damage caused by rock burst is avoided, and the economical and reasonable protective measures are selected to realize the mine safety. Fully efficient mining, ensuring the sustainable production of the mine, is an important technical problem which is urgently needed to be solved in more and more metal mines at present. The strain energy of deep rock mass accumulated in the crust movement, forming a large initial stress. Deep mining makes the accumulated strain energy suddenly released to form rock burst, and the occurrence of rock burst in one aspect and the initial stage The stress field is related to the other. The other is related to the deformation and energy storage characteristics during the rock loading process. The rock failure process is accompanied by the release of elastic waves, and the acoustic emission monitoring technology can capture the transient elastic waves produced by the rock loading process, so the acoustic emission test results are used as the rock material fracture criterion in the rock mechanics research. The field has always been the focus of research. Acoustic emission characterizing rock failure has formed many beneficial conclusions, but it is not quite common to discriminate the acoustic emission test for rock burst. This subject uses elastic energy index as the rock burst tendency criterion. The stress strain curve of the loading and unloading process of the same depth limestone samples. During the experiment, the acoustic emission test was carried out to analyze the variation of the cumulative energy of acoustic emission with time, and the variation of the cumulative energy of acoustic emission of different rock burst tendentious specimens was obtained. The acoustic emission response of rock burst inclined limestone was revealed through the experimental data analysis. Characteristics. By analyzing the cumulative energy change rate of acoustic emission in the test process, the ratio of cumulative energy response ratio (E_k) to the cumulative energy change rate of acoustic emission (sonic emission) and unloading process is defined. The results show that: (1) the uniaxial compressive strength of rock increases gradually with the increase of depth. It provides favorable conditions for rock burst occurrence, and then confirms that the greater the possibility of increasing the occurrence of rock burst with depth, on the other hand, it shows the close correlation between rock burst and depth of rock. (2) when loading, the capacity of rock storage strain energy is enhanced with the increase of the depth of occurrence; when unloading, the depth increases with the depth, the more depth. The cumulative energy increase of the deep limestone in the unloading process is smaller, thus it can be seen that there is a distinct difference in the cumulative energy change rate of the limestone at different depths. (3) the area of the hysteresis loop of the limestone adding and unloading gradually decreases with the increase of the depth of the deposit, which indicates that the capacity of the limestone storage strain energy is gradually increased, which is an important factor to induce the rock burst. The rock burst tendency is becoming more and more trend: the rock burst tendency experiment of different depth limestone samples, the analysis of elastic strain energy index W_ (ET) of the loading and unloading process, the elastic strain energy index gradually increases with the depth, and the ROCKBURST TENDENCY tends to be obvious. (4) the analysis of cumulative acoustic emission energy through loading and unloading process shows that the rock burst tendency tends to be obvious. In the process of loading and unloading, the increase of the cumulative energy of acoustic emission is much greater than that of the limestone sample with obvious rock burst tendency, and with the increase of rockburst tendency, the increase of the accumulative energy of acoustic emission is gradually smaller. The cumulative energy increases abrupt. (5) through the analysis of the cumulative energy change rate of the acoustic emission in the whole process of loading and unloading, the cumulative energy response ratio of acoustic emission (E_k.) is defined by the experiment. When the E_k value is greater than 1, the rock and rock burst tendency is not obvious; when the E_k value is less than 1, the rock rock burst tends to be stronger, in addition, loading and unloading process. The more calm the E_k value is, the stronger the tendency of rock burst. Therefore, the cumulative energy response of acoustic emission obtained through the experiment can provide some reference for the rock burst orientation of deep rock.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TD313

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