本文選題：復墾方式 + 復墾土壤　； 參考：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文基于當前礦區(qū)土地復墾研究現(xiàn)狀,以濟寧市不同復墾方式土壤以及不同年限同一復墾方式土壤為研究對象,研究分析濟寧礦區(qū)復墾區(qū)土壤化學肥力性狀,探索不同復墾方式對土壤堿解氮、有效磷、速效鉀、有機質(zhì)、土壤肥力的影響,以及不同復墾年限后,土壤有機質(zhì)、速效鉀、有效磷、有機質(zhì)等的變化規(guī)律,對試驗結(jié)果進行分析、評價,為礦區(qū)土壤肥力及環(huán)境恢復提供理論依據(jù),研究結(jié)果表明:(1)不同復墾方式對煤礦復墾區(qū)土壤養(yǎng)分狀況的影響以濟寧市采煤塌陷區(qū)粉煤灰充填、煤矸石充填、引湖充填、引黃充填、預(yù)復墾5種方式的復墾土壤為研究對象,研究不同復墾方式對土壤養(yǎng)分及整體肥力恢復程度的影響。結(jié)果表明,在0-30cm耕作層,煤矸石充填較其他方式對復墾土壤堿解氮、有效磷和有機質(zhì)的含量提升效果更顯著,分別達28.07mg/kg、45.15mg/kg、1.14%。速效鉀含量以引黃充填最高,粉煤灰充填對耕層土壤堿解氮含量影響最小,預(yù)復墾對耕層土壤有效磷、速效鉀、有機質(zhì)含量的影響最小;在30-50cm土層,對復墾土壤養(yǎng)分提升效果最顯著的為粉煤灰充填,土壤堿解氮、有效磷、速效鉀及有機質(zhì)分別高于對照地塊68.5%、89.0%、71.4%、177.3%。五種復墾方式對耕作層土壤整體肥力的影響由大到小依次為粉煤灰充填地塊煤矸石充填地塊引黃充填地塊引湖充填地塊預(yù)復墾地塊,在30-50 cm土層依次為引湖充填粉煤灰充填預(yù)復墾引黃充填煤矸石充填。綜合考慮不同復墾方式對土壤養(yǎng)分及整體肥力恢復程度的影響,粉煤灰充填、引湖充填方式對于濟寧地區(qū)土壤肥力的恢復效果最為顯著,可在該地區(qū)進行進一步的推廣。(2)同一復墾方式不同年限下土壤養(yǎng)分的變化情況復墾1年、3年、5年土壤有機質(zhì)含量均低于對照地塊,但到復墾5年時,土壤有機質(zhì)含量為10.34、13.28/12.11,低于對照地塊3.48/0.33/0.83,較復墾1年有機質(zhì)含量有大幅地增加,并且已基本接近對照地塊有機質(zhì)含量。復墾初期,土壤堿解氮含量較低,堿解氮含量分別為57.29mg/kg、59.67 mg/kg、60.14mg/kg,低于對照地塊27.313 mg/kg、25.782 mg/kg、27.41 mg/kg;但隨著復墾年限的延長,土壤堿解氮含量逐漸增加,雖復墾五年土壤堿解氮含量仍低于對照地塊,但隨著復墾年限的增長,其含量增加較快,基本可以達到正常農(nóng)田水平。試驗表明,復墾1年、3年、5年的土壤有效磷含量均大幅低于對照地塊,復墾1年土壤有效磷低于對照地塊11.810 mg/kg、10.536 mg/kg、11.479 mg/kg;復墾3年,低于對照地塊10.420 mg/kg、9.616 mg/kg、11.139 mg/kg;復墾5年土壤有效磷含量為6.34 mg/kg、6.21 mg/kg、5.93 mg/kg,約占對照地塊土壤有效磷含量的60%,雖然有效磷含量在復墾5年之后只有對照地塊的60%,但總體還是呈上升趨勢。復墾1年土壤速效鉀含量低于對照地塊,隨著復墾年限的延長,土壤速效鉀含量隨之增長,復墾3年0-20cm、20-40cm、40-60cm土層土壤速效鉀含量為110.28 mg/kg、122.39 mg/kg、118.49 mg/kg。復墾5年0-20cm、40-60cm土層土壤速效鉀含量仍低于對照地塊,但20-40cm土層土壤速效鉀含量基本趨近于對照地塊速效鉀含量。(3)引黃充填復墾樣地土壤質(zhì)量恢復趨勢引黃充填土壤容重在觀測基年7年后可恢復,5至6年后充填復墾的有機質(zhì)、堿解氮和速效鉀含量可恢復至對照耕地水平;有效磷含量的恢復時間相對較長,達到15年,可適當增施磷肥進行改良。
[Abstract]:Based on the current research status of land reclamation in the mining area, this paper studies the soil chemical fertility in the reclaimed area of Jining mining area and explores the effects of different reclamation ways on soil alkali hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter and soil fertility in the reclaimed area of Jining mining area, based on the soil of different reclamation ways in Jining and the soil of the same reclamation mode in different years. After different reclamation years, the change rules of soil organic matter, available potassium, effective phosphorus, organic matter, etc., are analyzed and evaluated to provide theoretical basis for soil fertility and environmental recovery in mining area. The results show that: (1) the effect of different reclamation methods on soil nutrient status in the reclaimed area of coal mine is in Jining coal mining subsidence area powder coal The effects of different reclamation methods on soil nutrients and overall fertility restoration were studied by 5 kinds of reclaimed soil, including ash filling, gangue filling, water diversion, yellow filling and pre reclamation. The results showed that the content of alkali hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus and organic matter in reclaimed soil was raised in the 0-30cm tillage layer. The results are more significant, the content of 28.07mg/kg, 45.15mg/kg and 1.14%. is the highest, and the effect of the fly ash filling on the alkali hydrolysable nitrogen in the soil is the smallest. The effect of the pre reclamation on the available phosphorus, the available potassium and the content of organic matter in the plough soil is the smallest. In the 30-50cm soil layer, the most significant effect of the soil nutrient promotion is the pulverized coal. Ash filling, soil alkali hydrolysable nitrogen, effective phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter were 68.5%, 89%, 71.4%, respectively. The effect of five kinds of reclamation methods on the overall soil fertility of the tillage layer from large to small was the pre reclaimed land in the backfill block of the coal waste filling massif of the fly ash filling massif, and in the 30-50 cm soil layer. The effect of different reclamation methods on soil nutrient and overall fertility restoration degree was considered. The effect of flyash filling and lake filling on the restoration of soil fertility in Jining area was the most significant. (2) the same reclamation in the area. The soil nutrient changes under different years were reclaimed for 1 years, in 3 years and 5 years, the content of soil organic matter was lower than that of the control massif, but at 5 years of reclamation, the content of soil organic matter was 10.34,13.28/12.11, lower than that of the control block 3.48/0.33/0.83, and the content of organic matter in 1 years was greatly increased, and it was basically close to the organic matter in the control block. In the early period of reclamation, the soil alkali hydrolysable nitrogen content was low, the content of alkali hydrolysable nitrogen was 57.29mg/kg, 59.67 mg/kg, 60.14mg/kg, lower than the control block 27.313 mg/kg, 25.782 mg/kg, 27.41 mg/kg, but the soil alkali hydrolysable nitrogen content gradually increased with the period of reclamation, although the soil alkali hydrolysable nitrogen content was still lower than that of the control massif for five years, but along with reclamation. The growth of the years, its content increased rapidly and basically reached the normal farmland level. The experiment showed that the soil effective phosphorus content of 1 years, 3 years and 5 years was significantly lower than that of the control massif. The soil available phosphorus in the reclaimed 1 years was 11.810 mg/kg, 10.536 mg/kg, 11.479 mg/ kg, and 3 years, lower than the control plot 10.420 mg/kg, 9.616 mg/kg, 11.. 139 mg/kg, soil effective phosphorus content of 5 years was 6.34 mg/kg, 6.21 mg/kg, 5.93 mg/kg, accounting for 60% of the soil available P in the control block, although the content of effective phosphorus was only 60% of the control land after 5 years, but the content of soil available potassium was lower than that of the control massif for 1 years, with the extension of reclamation years. The content of available potassium in soil increased, and the content of available potassium in soil layer of 0-20cm, 20-40cm and 40-60cm was 110.28 mg/kg, 122.39 mg/kg and 118.49 mg/kg. for 5 years 0-20cm, and the content of available potassium in soil of 40-60cm soil was still lower than that of the control massif, but the content of available potassium in the soil layer of 20-40cm soil was almost close to the content of the control massif. (3) diversion of yellow. The soil quality recovery trend of filling reclaimed land can be recovered after 7 years of observation base year. After 5 to 6 years, the content of soil reclaimed and reclaimed, the content of alkali and available K can be recovered to the control farmland level, the recovery time of the effective phosphorus content is relatively long, reaching 15 years, and the proper application of phosphate fertilizer can be improved.
【學位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD88

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