本文選題：復(fù)雜氧化銅礦 + 生物浸出��； 參考：《北京科技大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：復(fù)雜氧化銅礦石礦物組成復(fù)雜、堿性脈石含量高、結(jié)合率高、含泥量大,是典型的難處理礦石,研究開發(fā)高效處理復(fù)雜氧化銅礦資源的技術(shù)對于擴(kuò)大銅礦資源的利用范圍、緩解我國銅資源供需矛盾具有重要意義。本文針對高堿性復(fù)雜氧化銅礦酸浸酸耗大、易發(fā)生化學(xué)堵塞、不適用酸性細(xì)菌強(qiáng)化浸出以及氨浸工藝復(fù)雜、成本高等問題,通過現(xiàn)場取樣、室內(nèi)試驗、機(jī)理分析等手段,圍繞復(fù)雜氧化銅礦石堿性浸礦菌種的選育及浸出規(guī)律進(jìn)行了研究,主要研究工作包括:(1)獲得了一株異養(yǎng)型堿性產(chǎn)氨菌種。從土壤中分離出一株堿性細(xì)菌,研究了細(xì)菌菌落及菌體的形貌特征,通過16S rRNA測序確定其種屬信息并將其命名為Providencia sp.JAT-1;揭示了細(xì)菌的生長代謝機(jī)制,確定了最佳生長條件為:檸檬酸鈉10 g/L、尿素20 g/L、溫度30 ℃C、初始pH 8、接種量20%、振蕩速率180 rpm。(2)開展了浸礦菌種的馴化與誘變育種�？疾炝说V漿對細(xì)菌JAT-1生長代謝的抑制作用,提高了細(xì)菌對礦漿的適應(yīng)性,確定了細(xì)菌浸出的適宜礦漿濃度最高為14%;開展了紫外誘變與化學(xué)誘變兩階段復(fù)合誘變育種,誘變后細(xì)菌的生長活性提升42.3%、產(chǎn)氨能力提升19%、浸銅能力提升了約39%。(3)研究了堿性產(chǎn)氨細(xì)菌浸銅的影響因素并對其進(jìn)行優(yōu)化。分析了浸出溫度、細(xì)菌接種量、初始pH、礦漿濃度、礦石粒徑、攪拌速度等因素對堿性細(xì)菌浸礦效果的影響,通過Plackett-Burman試驗篩選出細(xì)菌浸銅的關(guān)鍵影響因素,利用Box-Behnken試驗考察了各關(guān)鍵影響因素的交互作用對浸出過程的影響,對堿性產(chǎn)氨菌浸銅效果進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,實現(xiàn)了銅離子的高效浸出。(4)揭示了堿性產(chǎn)氨細(xì)菌浸銅行為機(jī)理。設(shè)計并開展了細(xì)菌三步驟浸礦試驗,考察了一步驟浸出、二步驟浸出及代謝產(chǎn)物浸出下礦石的浸出效果,分析了浸出前后礦石物相、表面形貌及顆粒內(nèi)部孔裂隙變化規(guī)律,基于試驗結(jié)果分析了細(xì)菌直接吸附行為對浸出的影響規(guī)律,探明了細(xì)菌代謝產(chǎn)物對礦石的浸出作用,揭示了細(xì)菌及其代謝產(chǎn)物的浸出作用機(jī)理。(5)闡明了堿性細(xì)菌浸銅固液作用過程及動力學(xué)機(jī)理。探討了堿性細(xì)菌浸銅反應(yīng)過程的固液作用及礦石侵蝕機(jī)理,在考慮浸出劑濃度變化的條件下,推導(dǎo)了液膜控制、固膜控制以及化學(xué)反應(yīng)控制的固液反應(yīng)動力學(xué)方程,構(gòu)建了異養(yǎng)型細(xì)菌浸礦反應(yīng)動力學(xué)模型,揭示了產(chǎn)氨細(xì)菌浸出過程固液反應(yīng)的控制步驟,獲取了浸出反應(yīng)的表觀活化能。(6)提出了復(fù)雜氧化銅礦堿性細(xì)菌浸出新工藝。針對氧化銅礦石酸法堆浸工藝存在的問題,首次提出了堿性細(xì)菌堆浸新工藝,并優(yōu)化了堆浸實施方案,解決了原工藝存在的技術(shù)問題,提出了細(xì)菌強(qiáng)化浸出技術(shù)措施,形成了復(fù)雜氧化銅礦堿性細(xì)菌浸出工藝原型。
[Abstract]:Complex copper oxide ores have complex mineral composition, high basic gangue content, high binding rate and high mud content, so they are typical refractory ores. It is of great significance to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of copper resources in China. Aiming at the problems of acid leaching of high alkaline complex copper oxide ore with high acid consumption and chemical blockage, it is not suitable for acid bacteria enhanced leaching and ammonia leaching process to be complicated and high cost. By means of field sampling, laboratory test, mechanism analysis and so on, this paper aims at the problems of acid leaching of high alkalinity and complex copper oxide ore. The breeding and leaching regularity of alkaline leaching bacteria for complex copper oxide ores were studied. The main research work included: 1) a heterotrophic alkaline ammonia producing strain was obtained. An alkaline bacterium was isolated from soil and its colony and morphology were studied. The species information was confirmed by 16s rRNA sequencing and named as Providencia sp. JAT-1. The mechanism of bacterial growth and metabolism was revealed. The optimum growth conditions were determined as follows: sodium citrate 10 g / L, urea 20 g / L, temperature 30 鈩，

本文編號：1912981