本文選題：舊采殘煤 + 巷式采空區(qū)��； 參考：《太原理工大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：我國(guó)及山西省優(yōu)質(zhì)淺埋深的煤炭資源開(kāi)采歷史悠久,各個(gè)歷史時(shí)期的舊式采煤法回采率不足20%,形成了巨大的殘煤資源量,本論文圍繞舊式采煤法殘留煤炭資源與特征、復(fù)采方法、礦壓規(guī)律和舊采殘煤資源綜采的關(guān)鍵科學(xué)與技術(shù)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了研究。舊式采煤方法是指巷道式采煤、簡(jiǎn)易房柱式采煤和刀柱式采煤方法。本文進(jìn)行了大量調(diào)研,以及舊采關(guān)閉礦井的井下實(shí)際勘察和收集整理歷史資料,詳細(xì)剖析了不同歷史時(shí)期,山西舊式采煤方法開(kāi)采的100余座礦井煤層回采與殘留資源的實(shí)際工程平面圖,統(tǒng)計(jì)獲得了各歷史時(shí)期煤炭資源回采率和殘留煤炭資源情況和特征,得出如下結(jié)論:1)山西省舊采殘煤資源量為223.75億噸,全國(guó)的舊采殘煤資源量為801億噸;2)舊采殘煤區(qū)內(nèi)普遍存在有一定量的積水和積氣。積水和積氣存在的特點(diǎn)是:積水區(qū)范圍以及積水量普遍不清;舊采殘煤存在時(shí)間長(zhǎng),殘煤煤體內(nèi)裂隙普遍發(fā)育,殘留煤體內(nèi)瓦斯含量較低,小于5m3/t,煤體內(nèi)瓦斯壓強(qiáng)一般低于0.5MPa。經(jīng)過(guò)深入研究,本文提出了舊采殘煤復(fù)采的綜采方法及其應(yīng)遵循的基本原則:1)殘煤區(qū)物理勘探先行,基本搞清楚采空區(qū)和實(shí)體煤的分布情況,以及采空區(qū)積水與積氣的分布情況。2)分區(qū)處置,先將整個(gè)礦井合理分區(qū),并用注漿方法將這些區(qū)域嚴(yán)格分割和封閉,然后分區(qū)處置采空區(qū)積水和積氣,繼而分步分區(qū)實(shí)施開(kāi)采。3)采用采區(qū)和大工作面正常布局的綜采技術(shù)方案,選擇重型化的綜采裝備。論文采用相似模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)方法,對(duì)房柱式、房柱式和刀柱式混合的3個(gè)舊采殘煤工作面的復(fù)采進(jìn)行了大尺寸三維相似模擬試驗(yàn)。并在此基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)行了大量的三維數(shù)值模擬研究。二者對(duì)比,總結(jié)分析了工作面與巷式采空區(qū)0°、20°、40°、45°、60°、90°斜交布置下煤層和頂板的拉伸與塑性破壞、垂直應(yīng)力分布和位移規(guī)律。上述實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)舊采殘煤復(fù)采工作面與舊采形成的巷式采空區(qū)走向有一較大的角度斜交布置時(shí)(該角度一般取30°),均可實(shí)現(xiàn)殘煤資源的順利可靠回采。當(dāng)斜交角度小于30°時(shí),回采工作面架前會(huì)因礦山壓力顯現(xiàn)造成工作面前方頂板下沉及大面積的垮落,導(dǎo)致回采工作不能順利進(jìn)行。殘煤開(kāi)采過(guò)程中,工作面開(kāi)采前方的殘留煤柱邊緣和中部的應(yīng)力大小差異較大,最大差異值可達(dá)原巖應(yīng)力的2~3倍。文中詳細(xì)介紹了作者負(fù)責(zé)實(shí)施的西曲礦22102工作面回采過(guò)程中,以不同斜交方式通過(guò)工作面前方巷道的經(jīng)驗(yàn),以及較詳細(xì)的觀測(cè)資料,數(shù)值模擬、相似模擬和工程實(shí)踐均證實(shí)上述結(jié)論是正確的。本文提出的舊采殘煤綜采方法及其關(guān)鍵技術(shù)方案,由作者負(fù)責(zé),在斜溝煤礦18107工作面面積為102960m2的殘煤區(qū)復(fù)采中得以工業(yè)實(shí)施。主要工程研究工作和結(jié)論為:1)采空區(qū)積水及其處置:舊采殘煤區(qū)存在大量積水,在工作面順槽掘進(jìn)期間可以大量排出,通過(guò)在掘進(jìn)工作面揭露的較低標(biāo)高的老空區(qū)巷道,布置專用排水設(shè)備,在工作面回采前可以基本處置完舊采殘煤內(nèi)的剩余積水。2)舊采殘煤區(qū)揭露時(shí),測(cè)得采空區(qū)的瓦斯?jié)舛葹?.8%~3.4%,采用全負(fù)壓通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)和局部壓入新鮮風(fēng)流的通風(fēng)方式對(duì)殘煤區(qū)內(nèi)的瓦斯進(jìn)行稀釋,順利處置了采空區(qū)內(nèi)積聚的瓦斯,達(dá)到了正常生產(chǎn)要求。3)本工作面設(shè)計(jì)時(shí),工作面與舊采的巷道式采空區(qū)均呈大于30°角度斜交,在回采過(guò)程中,發(fā)現(xiàn)極個(gè)別交角較小的局部巷式采空區(qū)。實(shí)時(shí)地在架前采空區(qū)加強(qiáng)支護(hù),因此整個(gè)回采過(guò)程中,未出現(xiàn)大的架前頂板垮落事故。4)殘煤回采過(guò)程中進(jìn)行的液壓支架工作阻力的觀測(cè)得出,工作面液壓支架工作阻力較實(shí)體煤層回采增大1.2~1.65倍,工作面各支架阻力嚴(yán)重不均勻,工作面前方為采空區(qū)的液壓支架阻力較實(shí)體煤的液壓支架阻力最高可達(dá)40%。按照本文的研究結(jié)論和揭示的規(guī)律,已進(jìn)行了山西晉能集團(tuán)西河煤礦舊采殘煤綜采復(fù)采的可行性研究報(bào)告與初步設(shè)計(jì)。
[Abstract]:The mining of high quality and deep deep coal resources in China and Shanxi has a long history, and the recovery rate of the old coal mining method in each historical period is less than 20%, forming a huge amount of residual coal resources. In this paper, the key scientific and technical problems of the residual coal resources and characteristics of the old coal mining method, the method of recovery, the law of mineral pressure and the key technical problems of the fully mechanized mining of the old residual coal resources are introduced in this paper. The old coal mining method refers to the tunnel mining, the simple housing pillar mining and the knife and column mining methods. This paper has carried out a large number of investigations, and the historical data of the actual investigation and collection of the old mining closed mines, and the detailed analysis of the coal mining in more than 100 mines in different historical periods and the old coal mining methods in Shanxi. The actual project plan of residual resources has obtained the situation and characteristics of coal resource recovery rate and residual coal resources in various historical periods. The following conclusions are drawn as follows: 1) the amount of residual coal resources in Shanxi province is 223.75 million tons, the amount of old residual coal resources in the country is 801 million tons, and 2) there are a certain amount of water accumulation and accumulation in the old coal mining area. The characteristics of water accumulation and accumulating gas are: the range of water accumulating area and the amount of water accumulated generally is not clear; the old coal residue coal has a long time, the coal residue in the residual coal is generally developed, the content of the gas in the residual coal is low, less than 5m3/t, and the gas pressure in the coal is generally lower than that of 0.5MPa.. The basic principles should be followed: 1) physical exploration in the residual coal area, the distribution of goaf and solid coal, and the distribution of accumulated water and gas in the goaf area.2), the whole mine is partitioned reasonably, and the areas are cut and closed with the grouting method, and then the water and gas accumulation in the goaf are divided. In this paper, the full mechanized mining equipment of the mining area and the normal layout of the large working face is adopted, and the heavy mechanized mining equipment is selected. The paper adopts the similar simulation experiment method, and carries out the large size three-dimensional similar simulation test for the 3 old coal mining face of the room column type, the room column type and the knife column type mixed 3 old coal mining face. A large number of three-dimensional numerical simulation studies are carried out. The two ones are compared and analyzed the tensile and plastic failure of the coal seam and roof, the vertical stress distribution and the displacement laws under the 0, 20, 40, 45, 60 and 90 degree oblique intersection of the working face and the goaf, and the vertical stress distribution and displacement law. When a large angle of angle is arranged in the goaf direction (the angle is usually 30 degrees), it can achieve the smooth and reliable recovery of the residual coal resources. When the angle of the oblique intersection is less than 30 degrees, the mining face will cause the subsidence of the front roof and the large area of the work due to the pressure of the mining face, which leads to the failure of the recovery work to proceed smoothly. During the mining process, the difference of the stress size between the edge and the middle of the residual coal pillar in front of the working face is quite different, and the maximum difference can reach 2~3 times of the original rock stress. In this paper, the author introduces the experience of passing through the working front roadway and the detailed observation during the recovery process of the 22102 working face of the West Qu mine, which is in charge of the author. Data, numerical simulation, similar simulation and engineering practice all confirm that the above conclusion is correct. The author is responsible for the new method of fully mechanized mining of old residual coal and its key technology. The main engineering research work and conclusion are 1) the accumulation of goaf in the residual coal area of the area of 102960m2 of the 18107 working face in the coal mine of the coal mine. Water and its disposal: there is a large amount of water in the old coal mining area, which can be discharged in a large amount during the heading of the working face, and the special drainage equipment is arranged by the low elevation laneway exposed in the heading face. The residual water in the old coal mining area can be basically disposed of.2 before the working face is recovered). The gas concentration in the empty area is 0.8%~3.4%. The gas in the residual coal area is diluted by the full negative pressure ventilation system and the local pressure into the fresh air flow. The gas accumulated in the goaf is successfully disposed of, and the normal production requirement is.3). The working face and the old mine goaf are more than 30 degrees angle when the working face is designed. In the process of mining, the local goaf with a very small angle is found. In real time, the support is strengthened in the goaf in front of the frame. Therefore, during the whole recovery process, the hydraulic support resistance of the hydraulic support in the working face is more solid than the hydraulic support in the process of the recovery process of the residual coal in the process of the failure of the large front roof collapse accident.4). The coal seam recovery increases 1.2~1.65 times, the resistance of each bracket in the working face is seriously uneven, the hydraulic support resistance of the face to the goaf is higher than the hydraulic support of the solid coal up to 40%.. According to the research conclusion and the law of this paper, the feasibility study on the comprehensive recovery recovery of the old coal mining residual coal in the Xihe coal mine of Shanxi Jinneng group has been carried out. Report and preliminary design.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TD821
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本文編號(hào)：1897432