本文選題：堅硬頂板 + 深孔松動爆破��； 參考：《太原理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：在煤礦開采過程中，煤層上的堅硬頂板是造成煤礦事故的主要災(zāi)害之一。堅硬頂板是指在開采煤層之上厚度大、強度高、節(jié)理裂隙極不發(fā)育、整體性強和自承能力強的頂板。這樣的頂板會導(dǎo)致懸頂面積很大，突然冒落帶來的沖擊動壓對井下設(shè)備和工作人員造成危害，給煤礦安全生產(chǎn)帶來極大的隱患。因此，在過去科研人員對此類頂板的研究的基礎(chǔ)上，本文以漳村煤礦2105綜放面堅硬頂板為工業(yè)實踐來探討控制此類頂板的爆破技術(shù)。 本文采用理論研究、數(shù)值模擬以及工業(yè)實踐相結(jié)合的方法，首先對漳村煤礦2105綜放面進行現(xiàn)場勘查和資料搜集，掌握該綜放面的采煤方法和管理頂板的技術(shù)等，并對漳村煤礦2105綜放面的堅硬頂板作了分析探討。結(jié)合經(jīng)驗最終確定采用深孔松動爆破技術(shù)弱化該綜放面的堅硬頂板。采用深孔松動爆破技術(shù)，預(yù)先破壞頂板的完整性，減小頂板懸露面積，縮小頂板初次垮落步距，防止或減弱這種大面積頂板來壓隱患。通過對比爆破前后綜放面CO濃度和支架的工作阻力，，以及頂板破碎窺視結(jié)果詳細分析深孔爆破技術(shù)弱化堅硬頂板的效果。 最后借助ANSYS/LS-DYNA大型數(shù)值模擬軟件，對耦合裝藥結(jié)構(gòu)和空氣不耦合裝藥結(jié)構(gòu)進行了模擬對比分析，通過得出的應(yīng)力圖和裂隙圖說明采用空氣不耦合裝藥結(jié)構(gòu)可以較好地使炮孔間的裂隙貫通，破壞了堅硬頂板的完整性，達到安全放頂?shù)哪康模煌ㄟ^模擬對比起爆組距離為8.5m、9m、9.5m時的應(yīng)力裂隙圖，得出當(dāng)相鄰起爆組的距離為9m時，產(chǎn)生的爆破效果較佳，相鄰炮孔之間的裂隙貫通較好，并且每組起爆孔產(chǎn)生的裂隙擴展范圍不是很大，相鄰起爆組起爆時產(chǎn)生的影響甚微。所以模擬計算得出9m的爆破組距離與爆破方案設(shè)計的基本吻合，這樣就驗證了爆破方案的可行性。
[Abstract]:In the process of coal mining, the hard roof in coal seam is one of the main disasters causing coal mine accidents. Hard roof is a roof with large thickness, high strength, undeveloped joints and cracks, strong integrity and self-supporting ability. Such roof will lead to a large area of suspended roof, and the impact dynamic pressure caused by sudden fall will cause harm to the equipment and staff, and bring great hidden danger to the safety of coal mine production. Therefore, based on the research of this kind of roof in the past, this paper discusses the blasting technology of controlling this kind of roof based on the industrial practice of 2105 fully-mechanized caving face of Zhangcun Coal Mine. In this paper, with the methods of theoretical research, numerical simulation and industrial practice, the 2105 fully mechanized caving face of Zhangcun Coal Mine is investigated and collected on the spot, and the mining method of the fully mechanized caving face and the technology of roof management are mastered. The hard roof of 2105 fully mechanized caving face in Zhangcun Coal Mine is analyzed and discussed. Combined with experience, it is determined that the hard roof of the fully mechanized caving face can be weakened by deep hole loosening blasting technique. By using the technology of deep hole loosening blasting, the integrity of the roof is destroyed in advance, the hanging area of the roof is reduced, and the initial collapse distance of the roof is reduced, so as to prevent or weaken the hidden danger of the large area roof. By comparing the CO concentration of fully mechanized caving face before and after blasting, the working resistance of the support, and the peep-view result of roof breakage, the effect of deep hole blasting on weakening hard roof is analyzed in detail. Finally, the coupling charge structure and the air-uncoupled charge structure are simulated and analyzed with the help of ANSYS/LS-DYNA numerical simulation software. The stress diagram and fracture diagram show that the air discoupling charge structure can make the fracture between the holes through, destroy the integrity of the hard roof, and achieve the purpose of safe roof release. By simulating and comparing the stress fissure diagram when the distance of the initiation group is 8.5 m ~ 9 m ~ 9.5 m, it is concluded that when the distance of the adjacent initiation group is 9 m, the blasting effect is better and the crack between the adjacent holes is better. Moreover, the range of crack propagation of each group is not very large, and the effect of adjacent initiation group is very little. Therefore, the simulation results show that the distance of 9m blasting group is basically consistent with the design of the blasting scheme, which verifies the feasibility of the blasting scheme.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TD235.4;TD327.2

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