本文選題：卡林型金礦 + “大廠層”��； 參考：《成都理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：卡林型金礦石金礦是世界金礦最重要的來源,也是我國第二大金礦類型。黔西南是我國卡林型金礦集中產(chǎn)出的地區(qū)之一,是“滇黔桂”卡林型金礦礦集區(qū)的主體部分,區(qū)內(nèi)分布了大量的超大型、大型、大中型金礦床,。國內(nèi)外不少學(xué)者針對該區(qū)域進(jìn)行了大量的研究工作,取得了許多重要的研究成果。本文主要針對于黔西南卡林型金礦密切相關(guān)的控礦構(gòu)造:“大廠層”以及高角度斷層地質(zhì)特征及與金礦的關(guān)系展開研究,并選取了水銀洞金礦以及爛泥溝金礦兩個典型的礦床進(jìn)行了包括含礦層位、流體特征、穩(wěn)定同位素特征等方面的對比研究。系統(tǒng)描述了不同礦床“大廠層”的區(qū)域分布、野外特征以及總結(jié)了與金礦的關(guān)系,同時對比了盆地相區(qū)與臺地相區(qū)礦床在控礦構(gòu)造以及成礦過程的共性以及個性。通過以上研究,主要的認(rèn)識如下:(1)由于早期構(gòu)造作用,區(qū)域上形成了具有明顯的臺-盆交錯的構(gòu)造輪廓,其定型于印支-燕山期,較早形成的東西向構(gòu)造往往被后期形成的北東向和南北向構(gòu)造疊加改造。在臺地相區(qū)與盆地相區(qū)之間存在一個明顯的相變線,由該相變線控制了臺地相區(qū)碳酸鹽巖與盆地相區(qū)碎屑巖的分布,兩者之間呈現(xiàn)一個突變的關(guān)系。實際上,該相變線是一個大型的逆沖推覆構(gòu)造,臺地與盆地之間有明顯的斷裂現(xiàn)象,呈現(xiàn)斷層接觸的現(xiàn)象。(2)“大廠層”主要為一套產(chǎn)于茅口組(P2m)與龍?zhí)督M(P3l)或峨眉山玄武巖組(P3β)這一沉積間斷-不整合界面中的深灰色-黃灰色中厚層強硅化角礫巖或角礫狀粘土巖及角礫狀凝灰?guī)r組合,以角礫狀構(gòu)造以及強硅化蝕變?yōu)樽钪饕淖R別特征。在有些礦床中,“大廠層”未出露于地表,例如水銀洞金礦,而有些礦床中卻出露于地表,例如泥堡金礦、戈塘金礦。(3)區(qū)域上這一大界面同時形成,在經(jīng)受不同后期次級構(gòu)造作用下造成了“大廠層”與高角度斷層產(chǎn)狀的不同。兩類構(gòu)造均對金礦有著明顯的控制作用。通過對于臺地相區(qū)與盆地相區(qū)典型的賦金層序的對比,作者認(rèn)為黔西南的主要賦金層位均遵循一個規(guī)律:形成在脆性巖石和塑性巖石的接觸界面上。主要原因是在這樣一個巖石能干性不同的界面上易于發(fā)生層間滑動,另外上下巖性的孔隙度的突變,使得流體壓力增大,造成圍巖破碎,導(dǎo)致成礦物質(zhì)的沉淀。所以本文認(rèn)為,“大廠層”的概念應(yīng)該擴(kuò)大為:包括臺地相區(qū)傳統(tǒng)“大廠層”以及盆地相區(qū)高角度斷層在內(nèi)的一系列巖層能干性變化的界面。(4)流體包裹體的研究表明,兩類控礦構(gòu)造中成礦流體均為低溫、低鹽度的熱液�！按髲S層”中含有少量CO2、CO以及CH4等氣體,高角度斷層中幾乎不含氣體成分。流體成分測試結(jié)果顯示,“大廠層”流體中陽離子均以Na+、K+和Ca2+為主,其次為Mg2+,陰離子方面,兩類層位中均以F-、Cl-、SO42為主,高角度斷層中的陰離子相比“大廠層”中有明顯的增加。穩(wěn)定同位素示蹤研究顯示,“大廠層”的流體來源是深部與大氣降水的共同作用,爛泥溝礦床的流體來源主要是變質(zhì)水熱液與深部流體來源,同時也有大氣降水的參與。(5)黔西南金礦的形成是“大廠層”與區(qū)域逆沖推覆構(gòu)造共同作用的結(jié)果。成礦早期的流體來源于深部的巖漿水,通過區(qū)域大型的逆沖推覆構(gòu)造所形成的深大斷裂向上運移至容礦構(gòu)造時,大氣降水的加入,使流體發(fā)生了混合作用,促使有利于礦物沉淀化學(xué)反應(yīng)的發(fā)生。當(dāng)運移至容礦構(gòu)造時,由于壓力的突然降低,流體發(fā)生沸騰作用,造成H2O以及CO2等氣體的丟失,成礦物質(zhì)濃度增加,進(jìn)而析出沉淀。流體與圍巖所發(fā)生的化學(xué)反應(yīng)同樣也促進(jìn)了成礦物質(zhì)的活化析出,最終成礦。成礦物質(zhì)在“大廠層”中主要是以Au-S與Au-Si絡(luò)合物形式遷移,高角度斷層中Au主要是以Au-S絡(luò)合物和Au-Cl絡(luò)合物形式遷移。
[Abstract]:Carlin type gold ore gold deposit is the most important source of gold mine in the world, and it is also the second largest type of gold mine in China. In Southwest Guizhou, one of the areas of concentrated output of Carlin type gold deposits in China is the main part of the "Yunnan Guizhou Guangxi" Carlin type gold ore collection area, and a large number of large, large, medium and large scale gold deposits are distributed in the region. Many scholars at home and abroad have been aiming at the area. A lot of research work has been carried out in this area, and many important research results have been obtained. This paper mainly focuses on the closely related ore control structure of Carlin type gold deposits in southwestern Guizhou: "great plant layer" and the geological characteristics of high angle faults and the relationship with gold deposits, and selected two typical ore deposits of the water silver cave gold ore and the unfinished gold mine. The bed has carried out a comparative study of the ore bearing strata, fluid characteristics and stable isotopic characteristics. The systematic description of the regional distribution of the different ore deposits, the characteristics of the field and the relationship with the gold deposits, and the comparison of the commonness and individuality of the ore deposits in the basin and the mesa facies areas in the ore control structure and the metallogenic process are compared. Through the above research, the main understanding is as follows: (1) because of the early tectonic action, the region formed a clear platform basin interlaced tectonic outline, which was formed in the Indosinian Yanshan period, and the East-West structure, formed earlier, was often overlaid by the late north-east and North-South structures, and there was one between the platform and the basin facies. An obvious phase transition line, which controls the distribution of clastic rocks in the carbonate rock and basin facies area of the mesa phase area, shows a catastrophic relationship between the two. In fact, the phase transition line is a large thrust nappe structure, there are obvious fracture phenomena between the platform and the basin and the phenomenon of fault contact. (2) "big factory layer" principal. A set of deep gray and yellow gray medium thick silicified breccia or breccia like clayite and breccia tuff in the discontinuous and unconformable interface of the P2m and the Longtan Formation (P3l) or the Mount Emei basalt group (P3 beta) is the most important identification characteristic of the breccia structure and strong silicified alteration. "Dachang layer" is not exposed to the surface of the earth's surface, such as the silver cave gold deposit, but some deposits are exposed to the surface, such as the mudbao gold ore, the Ge Tong gold mine. (3) this large interface is formed at the same time, which has resulted in the difference between the "big plant layer" and the high angle fault. The two types of structures are all clear to the gold deposits. By comparing the typical gold bearing sequences in the mesa and basin facies areas, the authors believe that the main gold bearing beds in southwestern Guizhou follow one rule, which are formed on the contact interface between brittle rocks and plastic rocks. The main reason is that interlayer sliding is easy to occur on such a rock with different energy and dry interfaces. The mutation of the porosity of the upper and lower lithology makes the fluid pressure increase and cause the breakage of the surrounding rock and lead to the precipitation of the minerals. Therefore, this paper holds that the concept of "great plant layer" should be expanded to include the traditional "large plant layer" in the platform facies area and the interface of a series of dry changes in a series of strata within the high angle fault in the basin facies area. (4) fluid The study of inclusions shows that the ore-forming fluids in the two types of ore control structures are low temperature and low salinity. The "big factory layer" contains a small amount of CO2, CO and CH4 gases, and there are almost no gas in the high angle faults. The results of the fluid composition test show that the cations in the "big plant" fluid are mainly Na+, K+ and Ca2+, followed by Mg2+, and negative. On the other hand, F-, Cl- and SO42 are the main types of the two stratigraphic beds, and the anions in the high angle fault are obviously increased compared to the "big factory layer". (5) the formation of gold deposits in southwestern Guizhou is the result of the joint action of the "great plant layer" and the regional thrust nappe structure. The fluid of the early mineralization was derived from the deep magmatic water, and the atmospheric precipitation was added to the deep faults formed by the large area large thrust nappe structure to the ore bearing structure. It makes the fluid mixing and promotes the occurrence of chemical reaction in the mineral precipitation. When the movement is moved to the ore bearing structure, the fluid is boiling, resulting in the loss of H2O and CO2, and the concentration of the ore-forming material increases and then precipitates. The chemical reaction of the fluid and the surrounding rock also promotes the chemical reaction. The mineralization material is activated and precipitated. The metallogenic material is mainly migrated in the form of Au-S and Au-Si complex in the "great plant layer", and the Au in the high angle fault is mainly migrated in the form of Au-S complex and Au-Cl complex.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P618.51

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