本文選題：信號(hào)處理 + 主動(dòng)源實(shí)驗(yàn)��； 參考：《中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：從低信噪比的重復(fù)激發(fā)地震記錄中提取微弱的有效信號(hào)是利用主動(dòng)源實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)研究地下結(jié)構(gòu)的第一步,提取信號(hào)的準(zhǔn)確性直接影響著后續(xù)數(shù)據(jù)處理的可靠性。本文探究并評(píng)估了疊加類(線性疊加、相似性加權(quán)疊加、時(shí)間域相位加權(quán)疊加、時(shí)頻域相位加權(quán)疊加、改進(jìn)的時(shí)頻域相位加權(quán)疊加)和直接分離類(奇異值分解法、盲源分離法)方法提取弱信號(hào)的效果,并將以上方法用于解決主動(dòng)源實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)弱信號(hào)處理問題中。本文首先選用可控震源互相關(guān)子波和氣槍震源子波構(gòu)建出多道簡(jiǎn)單合成波形用于探究上述多種方法提取弱信號(hào)能力,通過定量分析各處理結(jié)果的走時(shí)、波形、頻率成分等方面變化程度從而對(duì)各方法的好壞進(jìn)行了較為全面的評(píng)估。然后,本文使用一維速度模型及實(shí)際噪聲水平構(gòu)建兩種震源的人工合成地震剖面數(shù)據(jù),仿照真實(shí)數(shù)據(jù)處理流程并結(jié)合合成測(cè)試的理論分析結(jié)果探究出適合實(shí)際資料處理的方法和流程。最后,通過主動(dòng)源實(shí)驗(yàn)的實(shí)際數(shù)據(jù)來驗(yàn)證本文研究結(jié)果。合成測(cè)試和實(shí)際數(shù)據(jù)處理的結(jié)果表明:(1)當(dāng)人工震源重復(fù)激發(fā)次數(shù)較少時(shí),使用非線性疊加方法提取弱信號(hào)得到的結(jié)果優(yōu)于線性疊加;當(dāng)人工震源重復(fù)激發(fā)次數(shù)較多時(shí),宜使用線性疊加方法提取弱信號(hào),且可降低提取方法對(duì)有效信號(hào)波形等信息的影響;(2)零相位化處理可降低對(duì)最小相位子波信號(hào)提取過程中走時(shí)和波形的影響;(3)可控震源處理中,對(duì)原始數(shù)據(jù)處理完后需進(jìn)行互相關(guān)處理來壓縮子波避免不同震相間波形疊加后再提取有效信號(hào);氣槍震源數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)處理后直接疊加,可造成提取結(jié)果中震相到時(shí)信息破壞。本文提出對(duì)預(yù)處理后數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行零相位化處理后再進(jìn)行提取,有利于降低噪聲、處理方法等對(duì)走時(shí)和波形的影響,將兩種處理流程結(jié)果相結(jié)合亦可為震相到時(shí)拾取提供參考。
[Abstract]:It is the first step to study underground structure by using active source experimental data to extract weak effective signals from repeated excitation seismic records with low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The accuracy of extracting signals directly affects the reliability of subsequent data processing. In this paper, we investigate and evaluate the superposition classes (linear superposition, similarity weighted superposition, time-domain phase-weighted superposition, time-frequency phase-weighted superposition, improved time-frequency-domain phase-weighted superposition) and direct separation (singular value decomposition method). Blind source separation (BSS) method is used to solve the weak signal processing problem of active source experiment data. In this paper, the vibroseis cross-correlation wavelet and air-gun source wavelet are used to construct multi-channel simple synthetic waveforms to explore the ability of extracting weak signals from the above methods, and the waveforms of each processing result are quantitatively analyzed. Frequency components and other aspects of the degree of change, so as to evaluate the quality of each method is relatively comprehensive. Then, using the one-dimensional velocity model and the actual noise level, the synthetic seismic profile data of two kinds of seismic sources are constructed. According to the real data processing flow and the theoretical analysis results of synthetic test, the method and process suitable for practical data processing are explored. Finally, the results of this paper are verified by the actual data of the active source experiment. The result of synthetic test and actual data processing shows that when the number of repeated excitation of artificial source is less, the result of extracting weak signal by nonlinear superposition method is better than that of linear stack, and when the number of repeated excitation of artificial source is more than that of linear stack, It is advisable to use linear superposition method to extract weak signals, and to reduce the influence of extraction methods on the information such as effective signal waveforms. The zero phase processing can reduce the travel time and the influence of waveforms on the minimum phase wavelet signal extraction. After processing the original data, cross-correlation is needed to compress the wavelet to avoid the superposition of the waveforms between different seismic phases and then extract the effective signal. After the air gun source data is preprocessed and superimposed directly, the phase arrival information in the extraction result can be destroyed. In this paper, it is proposed that the pre-processing data can be extracted after zero phase processing, which is helpful to reduce the noise and the effect of the processing methods on the travel time and waveform. The combination of the two processing flow results can also provide a reference for the seismic phase arrival pickup.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P631.4

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