本文選題：回采巷道 + 錨索破斷��； 參考：《太原理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：由于煤礦井下地質(zhì)條件變化無(wú)常，同一巷道中的圍巖會(huì)產(chǎn)生不同的巖性變化，同一個(gè)支護(hù)理論、同一種支護(hù)設(shè)計(jì)不能解決千變?nèi)f化的地質(zhì)條件所對(duì)應(yīng)的巷道支護(hù)。對(duì)于不同地質(zhì)條件下的巷道，對(duì)支護(hù)技術(shù)的要求是各不相同的。就回采順槽而言，在回采時(shí)，圍巖會(huì)產(chǎn)生較大的變形，大變形壓力作用下的錨索在支護(hù)時(shí)，超過(guò)其所能承受的極限強(qiáng)度而發(fā)生破斷現(xiàn)象。大變形致使巷道發(fā)生嚴(yán)重的變形，造成巷道支護(hù)困難、成本高、錨桿錨索返修率高等不良后果，不能正常的安全生產(chǎn)。同時(shí)在錨索發(fā)生斷裂時(shí)，若果其斷裂外部的索體沒(méi)有被周?chē)拿后w或者巖體所充分夾持住，并且在極大大的軸向拉力作用下，會(huì)以非常大的速度彈射出來(lái)，使人員設(shè)備受到了極大的威脅。我國(guó)煤礦井下出現(xiàn)錨索拉斷彈射現(xiàn)象屢見(jiàn)不鮮，其中工人受傷事件也不在少數(shù)，也造成嚴(yán)重的社會(huì)影響。出于對(duì)井下工作人員生命安全的負(fù)責(zé)，有必要對(duì)此缺陷進(jìn)行充分的分析研究，找出問(wèn)題發(fā)生的原因，尋求科學(xué)的、有效的解決方案。 從力學(xué)的角度來(lái)看，錨索破斷大致有兩種情況：一、剪切破壞；二、軸向破壞。具體闡述為錨索的剪切破壞是由于錨索周?chē)^固體沿錨索切向的變形引起了剪切力，若其切向所受應(yīng)力超過(guò)所能承受的極限抗剪強(qiáng)度時(shí)，錨索破斷。錨索的軸向破斷是由于在錨索軸向受力大于其抗拉強(qiáng)度所致，錨索安裝時(shí)的軸向力可視為施加在錨索上的預(yù)緊力，在工作面在受到采動(dòng)的影響，采場(chǎng)圍巖常常發(fā)生劇烈的松動(dòng)和破碎，一般情況下變形量都相當(dāng)大，尤其是橫向變形，這勢(shì)必將導(dǎo)致錨索所承受的軸向力在短時(shí)間內(nèi)快速增加，當(dāng)達(dá)到其臨界抗拉強(qiáng)度，即會(huì)發(fā)生軸向受拉破斷。其破壞的機(jī)理可以從三個(gè)因素考慮：第一，巷道的地質(zhì)構(gòu)造；第二，對(duì)錨索施加的預(yù)緊力；第三，錨索自身的結(jié)構(gòu)。錨索在發(fā)生破斷時(shí)，如果未被煤巖體充分夾持，會(huì)以非常大的速度彈射出來(lái)，使人員設(shè)備受到了極大的威脅，很有可能會(huì)發(fā)生人傷事件，會(huì)產(chǎn)生很?chē)?yán)重的后果。對(duì)錨索破斷的研究以及如何防止破斷后彈射有很大社會(huì)意義的。 本文以長(zhǎng)治三元南耀小常煤業(yè)有限公司30211工作面為工程背景，對(duì)該工作面3號(hào)煤巷道錨索破斷彈射問(wèn)題進(jìn)行分析研究并提出了可行的防護(hù)措施。通過(guò)實(shí)地考察巷道變形情況，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀測(cè)錨索破斷情況，通過(guò)理論分析錨索破斷機(jī)理，并用FLAC3D數(shù)值模擬巷道回采時(shí)產(chǎn)生的變形與錨索的受力情況，分析了錨索在回采時(shí)斷裂的過(guò)程，最終研究得出了30211工作面順槽問(wèn)題的原因。對(duì)錨索破斷后彈射現(xiàn)象的機(jī)理做出了解釋，結(jié)合目前一些行之有效的技術(shù)路徑，，給出錨索破斷彈射的防護(hù)措施，形成了一套較完整有效的錨索破斷彈射防護(hù)體系，并針對(duì)30211工作面的情況提出了相應(yīng)的解決方法。 本文的研究成果將為其它相似條件下工作面錨索破斷修復(fù)提供一定的理論基礎(chǔ)和參考價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:Because the underground geological conditions of coal mine are changeable, the surrounding rock in the same roadway will produce different lithologic changes, the same supporting theory and the same support design can not solve the roadway support corresponding to the ever-changing geological conditions. For the roadway under different geological conditions, the requirements of supporting technology are different. As far as trench is concerned, when mining, the surrounding rock will produce large deformation, and when the anchor cable under the action of large deformation pressure exceeds the limit strength it can bear, the phenomenon of breakage will occur. Large deformation leads to serious deformation of roadway, which results in difficult support of roadway, high cost, high repair rate of anchor cable and so on, and can not be used in normal safe production. At the same time, when the anchor cable breaks, if the cable body outside the fracture is not fully clamped by the surrounding coal body or rock mass, and under the action of extremely large axial tension, it will eject out at a very large speed. There is a great threat to personnel and equipment. The phenomenon of anchor cable breaking and ejection is common in coal mine of our country, and the injury of workers is not few, which also causes serious social impact. In order to be responsible for the life safety of underground workers, it is necessary to make a full analysis and study of the defects, find out the causes of the problems, and seek scientific and effective solutions. From the point of view of mechanics, there are two kinds of failure of anchor cable: one is shear failure, the other is axial failure. The shear failure of the anchor cable is caused by the shear force caused by the deformation of the anchoring body around the anchor cable along the tangential direction of the anchor cable. If the shear stress in the tangential direction exceeds the ultimate shear strength of the anchor cable, the cable breaks. The axial breaking of anchor cable is due to the fact that the axial force of anchor cable is greater than its tensile strength, and the axial force of anchor cable installation can be regarded as the pre-tightening force applied on anchor cable, which is affected by mining in working face. The surrounding rock of stope often occurs violent loosening and breaking, generally the amount of deformation is quite large, especially the transverse deformation, which will inevitably cause the axial force of anchor cable to increase rapidly in a short period of time, when the critical tensile strength is reached, An axial tensile fracture will occur. The failure mechanism can be considered from three factors: first, the geological structure of the roadway; secondly, the pretightening force applied to the anchor cable; thirdly, the structure of the anchor cable itself. When the anchor cable is broken, if it is not fully clamped by coal and rock mass, it will be ejected out at a very high speed, which will make the personnel and equipment receive a great threat, and it is very likely that there will be human injury, which will have very serious consequences. It is of great social significance to study the breakage of anchor cable and how to prevent the ejection after breaking. Based on the engineering background of 30211 face of Changzhi Sanyao Xiaochang Coal Industry Co., Ltd., this paper analyzes and studies the catapult problem of Anchorage cable in No. 3 coal roadway and puts forward some feasible protection measures. Based on the field investigation of roadway deformation, the field observation of anchor cable breakage, the theoretical analysis of the mechanism of anchor cable breaking, and the numerical simulation of the deformation of roadway and the stress of anchor cable by FLAC3D numerical simulation, The fracture process of anchor cable during mining is analyzed, and the reasons for the problem of trench in 30211 face are finally studied. In this paper, the mechanism of catapult phenomenon after cable break is explained, combined with some effective technical paths, the protective measures of anchor cable breaking and ejection are given, and a set of relatively complete and effective protection system of anchor cable breaking and ejection is formed. And put forward the corresponding solution to the situation of 30211 working face. The research results of this paper will provide a certain theoretical basis and reference value for the repair of working face anchor cable breaking under other similar conditions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TD353

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