本文選題：酸性礦山廢水 + 巖溶環(huán)境�。� 參考：《貴州大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：貴州是中國西南地區(qū)典型的喀斯特巖溶區(qū),通常認(rèn)為,喀斯特生態(tài)系統(tǒng)非常的脆弱,具有明顯較低的環(huán)境容量。貴州是煤炭大省,其在大規(guī)模開采與利用時(shí)給貴州的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展帶來了巨大的效益,但是也造成了嚴(yán)重的生態(tài)破壞及環(huán)境污染等問題。由于喀斯特地區(qū)土層薄、生物量低、群落結(jié)構(gòu)簡單,一旦遭到破壞或污染,將對巖溶生態(tài)系統(tǒng)造成嚴(yán)重的威脅。因此,研究巖溶區(qū)煤礦在挖掘后產(chǎn)生的酸性煤礦廢水(AMD)對周邊旱地土壤持續(xù)污染的環(huán)境及生物效應(yīng)就顯得尤為重要。本文以貴州典型煤礦周邊的石灰性旱地土壤為對象,通過添加不同比例的AMD模擬AMD持續(xù)污染對土壤pH、Eh、EC及CEC等綜合特性的影響;對土壤中的氮磷鉀、鈣鎂等礦質(zhì)養(yǎng)分的影響;對土壤特征污染指標(biāo)和微生物學(xué)特征的影響研究。其結(jié)果表明:(1)巖溶區(qū)石灰性旱地土壤對AMD的持續(xù)污染具有較為優(yōu)越的緩沖性能,在固液比為1:10的AMD污染下,巖溶區(qū)石灰性旱地土壤pH仍然能維持在6.65以上;隨著AMD污染程度的增大,土壤氧化還原電位和電導(dǎo)率呈極顯著的升高趨勢(p0.01);在較低AMD(固液比1:0.1-1:1)污染程度時(shí),土壤陽離子交換量顯著的降低,而在較高AMD(固液比1:5-1:10)污染程度下則又明顯的升高。(2)與未污染土壤相比,不同固液比AMD污染對土壤全磷總體影響不明顯,土壤全氮、全鉀、全鈣、全鎂呈明顯降低的趨勢;土壤中的速效氮、速效鉀、緩效鉀等有效態(tài)礦物養(yǎng)分均隨廢水污染程度加大呈極顯著降低趨勢(p0.01);低濃度AMD(固液比1:0.1-1:1)污染在一定程度上增加土壤有效磷、有機(jī)質(zhì)含量,而在高AMD污染程度下又急劇促進(jìn)土壤有效磷釋放、有機(jī)質(zhì)的分解,且均達(dá)到了極顯著性差異(p0.01)。(3)不同固液比AMD污染對巖溶地區(qū)石灰性旱地土壤的特征污染指標(biāo)有顯著影響,且隨著污染程度的加大影響也增大。隨著AMD污染濃度的增大,土壤中的鐵、銅、砷含量呈顯著或極顯著的增加(p0.05);土壤中硫酸根的含量在較低AMD污染程度下變化趨勢較為不明顯,在較高AMD(固液比1:2.5-1:10)污染程度下極顯著的增加,總體上也達(dá)到了極顯著水平(p0.01);在較低AMD(1:01-1:7.5)污染時(shí),土壤錳和鋅有明顯的上升趨勢,而在較高AMD污染程度(特別是固液比為1:10)時(shí),土壤錳和鋅含量均表現(xiàn)出降低的趨勢且均低于對照土壤,總體上,不同固液比AMD污染對土壤錳未表現(xiàn)出明顯差異性,而對土壤鋅則表現(xiàn)出極顯著性差異(p0.01);隨著AMD污染程度的加大,土壤中二氧化碳的釋放量呈極顯著升高的趨勢(p0.01)。(4)AMD污染對巖溶區(qū)石灰性旱地土壤的生物學(xué)指標(biāo)也有較為明顯的影響。AMD污染在一定程度上增強(qiáng)了脲酶活性;不同固液比AMD污染均可降低土壤微生物量,且在較高AMD(固液比1:2.5-1:10)污染程度下達(dá)到極顯著水平,整體上隨不同固液比AMD污染呈現(xiàn)極顯著性差異(p0.01);綜上表明,巖溶區(qū)土壤對AMD有一定的酸緩沖性,但會(huì)促使土壤中的Ca2+、Mg2+離子的大量淋失,這將對已適應(yīng)的巖溶生態(tài)系統(tǒng)可能造成致命的影響,長期適應(yīng)性進(jìn)化形成的石灰性土壤的喜鈣植物,對其適應(yīng)的喀斯特生境有非常強(qiáng)的依賴性,一旦植物的這種生境遭到破壞,將對植物的生長造成嚴(yán)重的影響。其次,AMD污染將導(dǎo)致土壤中的N、K,尤其是有效性大量的淋失,由此將會(huì)影響到植物的生長發(fā)育狀況、生理生化過程及作物產(chǎn)量,從而威脅到整個(gè)農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。再次,在較高AMD污染程度時(shí),土壤中的特征污染物急劇的累計(jì),土壤中的微生物總量顯著的減少,土壤酶活性明顯的降低,這將嚴(yán)重影響土壤的質(zhì)量。此外,AMD污染將導(dǎo)致大量二氧化碳產(chǎn)生,從而對大氣溫室效應(yīng)的貢獻(xiàn)也是不容忽視的。
[Abstract]:Guizhou is a typical Karst karst area in Southwest China. It is generally believed that the Karst ecosystem is very fragile and has obvious lower environmental capacity. Guizhou is a big coal province, which has brought great benefits to the economic development of Guizhou in large-scale exploitation and utilization, but it also causes serious ecological damage and environmental pollution. Because of the thin soil layer, low biomass and simple community structure in Karst area, once destroyed or polluted, it will cause serious threat to the karst ecosystem. Therefore, it is particularly important to study the environmental and biological effects of acid coal mine waste water (AMD) on the continuous pollution of the soil surrounding the Dryland in the karst area. In this paper, the effects of AMD simulation on the comprehensive characteristics of soil pH, Eh, EC and CEC, and the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium and other mineral nutrients in soil, and the effects on soil characteristics and microbiological characteristics were studied by adding different proportions of AMD to simulate the effects of AMD continuous pollution on the soil, such as pH, Eh, EC and CEC. (1) (1) the calcareous Dryland Soil in karst area has superior cushioning performance for continuous pollution of the soil. Under the AMD pollution of the solid to liquid ratio at 1:10, the soil pH of calcareous Dryland in karst area can remain above 6.65. With the increase of the degree of AMD pollution, the redox potential and electrical conductivity of soil are significantly higher (P0.01), and lower at lower levels (P0.01). When AMD (solid-liquid ratio 1:0.1-1:1) pollution degree, the soil cation exchange volume decreased significantly, while the higher AMD (solid-liquid ratio 1:5-1:10) pollution level increased obviously. (2) compared with the unpolluted soil, the total nitrogen, total potassium, total calcium and total magnesium showed a significant decrease in total soil total phosphorus (total n), total potassium, total calcium and total magnesium. The available mineral nutrients such as available nitrogen, available potassium and slow acting potassium in the soil decreased significantly with the pollution degree of wastewater (P0.01). Low concentration of AMD (solid-liquid ratio 1:0.1-1:1) increased soil available phosphorus and organic matter content to a certain extent, and promoted the release of effective phosphorus in soil and organic matter at high AMD pollution degree. The difference was very significant (P0.01). (3) different solid-liquid ratio AMD pollution had significant influence on the characteristic pollution index of calcareous Dryland Soil in karst area, and increased with the increase of pollution degree. With the increase of AMD pollution concentration, the content of iron, copper and arsenic in the soil increased significantly or significantly (P0.05); The change trend of the content of sulphuric acid root at low AMD pollution level is not obvious, which is greatly increased under the high AMD (solid-liquid ratio 1:2.5-1:10) pollution degree, and it also reaches a very significant level (P0.01) on the whole. In the lower AMD (1:01-1:7.5) pollution, the soil manganese and zinc have a obvious upward trend, but in the higher AMD pollution degree (especially the degree of AMD pollution) When the solid-liquid ratio was 1:10), the content of manganese and zinc in soil decreased and was lower than that of the control soil. On the whole, the different solid-liquid ratio AMD pollution showed no significant difference to the soil manganese, but the soil zinc showed significant difference (P0.01). With the increase of AMD pollution range, the release of carbon dioxide in the soil was very significant. The rising trend (P0.01). (4) AMD pollution has a significant effect on the biological indexes of the soil in calcareous Dryland in karst area..AMD pollution has enhanced urease activity to a certain extent; the soil microbial biomass can be reduced by different solid-liquid ratio AMD pollution, and the overall level of soil microbial biomass is extremely significant at the degree of high AMD (solid-liquid ratio 1:2.5-1:10). There is a significant difference (P0.01) with different solid-liquid ratio AMD pollution, which shows that the soil in karst area has a certain acid buffer to AMD, but it will cause a large amount of leaching of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions in the soil, which may cause a fatal impact on the adapted karst ecosystem and the calcareous soil of calcareous soil formed by long-term adaptive evolution. Plants are strongly dependent on their adapted Karst habitats. Once this habitat is destroyed, it will have a serious impact on the growth of plants. Secondly, AMD pollution will lead to N, K, and especially a large amount of leaching in the soil, which will affect the growth and development of plants, physiological and biochemical processes and production. As a result, the whole agricultural ecosystem is threatened. Again, when high AMD pollution, the characteristic pollutants in the soil are accumulated sharply, the total amount of microbes in the soil is significantly reduced and the soil enzyme activity is obviously reduced. This will seriously affect the quality of the soil. In addition, the AMD pollution will lead to a large amount of carbon dioxide production, thus to the high temperature. The contribution of the room effect can not be ignored.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X53;X752

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本文編號：1808716