本文選題：堅(jiān)硬頂板 + 覆巖“拱殼”大結(jié)構(gòu)��； 參考：《遼寧工程技術(shù)大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：大同礦區(qū)賦存有侏羅系和石炭系“雙系”煤層。開(kāi)采石炭系特厚煤層的同忻礦,在覆巖多層堅(jiān)硬頂板和上覆侏羅系多煤層開(kāi)采殘留煤柱等復(fù)雜的開(kāi)采條件下,開(kāi)采期間礦壓顯現(xiàn)強(qiáng)烈。因此,對(duì)大同礦區(qū)堅(jiān)硬頂板運(yùn)動(dòng)特征及綜放工作面礦壓影響進(jìn)行研究,為大同礦區(qū)特厚煤層安全高效開(kāi)采提供理論指導(dǎo)。論文建立“拱殼”覆巖大結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué)模型,對(duì)覆巖大結(jié)構(gòu)的幾何特征和運(yùn)動(dòng)特征進(jìn)行分析,堅(jiān)硬巖層的強(qiáng)度、厚度和采厚共同決定了大結(jié)構(gòu)的尺度,各關(guān)鍵層控制著空間覆巖大結(jié)構(gòu)的形成和演化；結(jié)合關(guān)鍵層理論和材料力學(xué)的相關(guān)理論,確定了工作面覆巖大結(jié)構(gòu)初次失穩(wěn)和周期失穩(wěn)的能量計(jì)算公式,計(jì)算結(jié)果表明大結(jié)構(gòu)形成和失穩(wěn)對(duì)礦壓顯現(xiàn)具有重要的控制影響,揭示了大結(jié)構(gòu)形成過(guò)程的圍巖應(yīng)力升高、結(jié)構(gòu)失穩(wěn)時(shí)能量突然釋放和失穩(wěn)后圍巖應(yīng)力降低的礦壓顯現(xiàn)特征�；诟倪M(jìn)的果蠅優(yōu)化算法和支持向量機(jī)理論,建立MFOA-SVM覆巖破壞高度預(yù)計(jì)模型,對(duì)石炭系特厚煤層工作面開(kāi)采覆巖破壞高度進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè),預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果與EH4物理探測(cè)結(jié)果相互吻合,模型具有較好的適用性；采用相似材料模擬方法,分析雙系煤層開(kāi)采的上覆巖層移動(dòng)、破壞垮落特征以及相互之間的開(kāi)采影響,堅(jiān)硬巖層的破斷控制工作面礦壓顯現(xiàn)強(qiáng)度；運(yùn)用FLAC3D數(shù)值模擬軟件,研究了侏羅系煤層群和石炭系煤層開(kāi)采圍巖破壞特征,雙系煤層開(kāi)采后采空區(qū)裂隙相互聯(lián)通；采用微震監(jiān)測(cè)分析了雙系煤層開(kāi)采影響下的微震事件時(shí)空分布特征、微震事件的能量和頻次特征,得到工作面后方300 m-500 m范圍的采空區(qū)覆巖仍然在運(yùn)動(dòng),工作面在侏羅系重疊煤柱下方區(qū)域開(kāi)采覆巖運(yùn)動(dòng)更為強(qiáng)烈。采用UDEC數(shù)值模擬軟件,分析侏羅系煤柱影響下的石炭系工作面采動(dòng)應(yīng)力演化規(guī)律,工作面回采至侏羅系煤柱對(duì)應(yīng)區(qū)域工作面圍巖應(yīng)力升高,較非煤柱區(qū)域提高了32%-37%；通過(guò)對(duì)回采巷道和工作面進(jìn)行礦壓監(jiān)測(cè),確定回采巷道和工作面的礦壓顯現(xiàn)的時(shí)空演化規(guī)律,進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證了大結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)礦壓顯現(xiàn)具有一定的控制作用；對(duì)不同工作面推進(jìn)速度的圍巖應(yīng)力、支架工作阻力和覆巖運(yùn)動(dòng)特征進(jìn)行分析,確定特厚煤層工作面推進(jìn)速度對(duì)礦壓顯現(xiàn)的影響,綜放工作面推進(jìn)速度越快工作面礦壓顯現(xiàn)越明顯。對(duì)同忻礦強(qiáng)礦壓顯現(xiàn)的能量特征進(jìn)行分析,確定同忻礦的強(qiáng)礦壓顯現(xiàn)是覆巖大結(jié)構(gòu)失穩(wěn)、臨近采空區(qū)側(cè)向支承壓力、本工作面超前支承壓力和侏羅系煤柱應(yīng)力傳遞多因素空間耦合作用引起的。
[Abstract]:There are Jurassic and Carboniferous "double system" coal seams in Datong mining area. In Tongxin Coal Mine of Carboniferous extra thick seam, under the complicated mining conditions such as overburden multi-layer hard roof and overlying Jurassic multi-seam mining residual coal pillar, the mine pressure appears strongly during mining. Therefore, the characteristics of hard roof movement in Datong mining area and the influence of mine pressure on fully mechanized caving face are studied to provide theoretical guidance for safe and efficient mining of extra thick coal seam in Datong mining area. In this paper, the mechanical model of "arch shell" overburden rock structure is established, and the geometric and kinematic characteristics of overburden rock structure are analyzed. The strength, thickness and mining thickness of hard rock layer together determine the scale of large structure. Each key layer controls the formation and evolution of the large structure of overlying rock in space, combined with the theory of critical layer and the theory of mechanics of materials, the energy calculation formulas for the first and periodic instability of large overburden structure in working face are determined. The calculation results show that the formation and instability of large structures have an important control effect on the formation of rock pressure, and reveal the characteristics of rock pressure behavior in the process of formation of large structures, such as the increase of surrounding rock stress, the sudden release of energy during structural instability and the decrease of surrounding rock stress after instability. Based on the improved Drosophila optimization algorithm and the support vector machine theory, the prediction model of MFOA-SVM overburden failure height is established, and the mining overburden failure height of the Carboniferous coal face is predicted. The predicted results are consistent with the EH4 physical detection results. The model has good applicability, the similar material simulation method is used to analyze the overlying strata movement, the characteristics of failure and caving and the influence of mining on each other in the mining of double system coal seam, and the breaking of hard rock strata controls the strength of rock pressure behavior in working face. The failure characteristics of surrounding rock of Jurassic coal seam group and Carboniferous coal seam mining are studied by using FLAC3D numerical simulation software. Microseismic monitoring is used to analyze the space-time distribution characteristics of microseismic events, the energy and frequency characteristics of microseismic events under the influence of double-system coal seam mining, and the results show that the overburden is still moving in the gob area of 300m-500m behind the working face. The mining overburden movement is stronger in the area below the superimposed pillar of Jurassic system. By using UDEC numerical simulation software, the evolution law of mining stress in Carboniferous coal face under the influence of Jurassic pillar is analyzed, and the surrounding rock stress of coal face in the corresponding area of coal pillar of Jurassic system is increased. Compared with the non-pillar area, it has been improved by 32-37.The time and space evolution law of the mining roadway and the coal face is determined by monitoring the mine pressure of the roadway and working face, which further verifies that the large structure has certain control function to the rock pressure appearance. Based on the analysis of surrounding rock stress, support working resistance and overburden movement characteristics of different working faces, the influence of advancing speed on the rock pressure in the face of extra thick coal seam is determined. The faster the advance speed of fully mechanized caving face, the more obvious the mine pressure appears. Based on the analysis of the energy characteristics of strong rock pressure in Tongxin mine, it is determined that the strong rock pressure behavior of Tongxin mine is the instability of overburden structure and the lateral bearing pressure near goaf. The multi-factor spatial coupling between the leading supporting pressure and the stress transfer of the Jurassic coal pillar in this working face is caused.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧工程技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TD323

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