本文選題：石墨 + 混合巖化型�。� 參考：《遼寧工程技術大學》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：華北克拉通(簡稱華北)為全球最古老(-3.8 Ga)克拉通之一,在其地殼演變過程中發(fā)生了一系列的重大地質(zhì)事件,包括陸核發(fā)育,結(jié)晶基底形成,克拉通裂解、匯聚、拼貼,蓋層發(fā)育,沉積變質(zhì)和巖漿活動等；重大地質(zhì)事件發(fā)生的同時產(chǎn)生了大規(guī)模的石墨礦化作用,形成了豐富的石墨資源。2004年,由于石墨烯的發(fā)現(xiàn),石墨礦產(chǎn)戰(zhàn)略地位突出,國際掀起新一輪的石墨勘查找礦熱潮；華北獨有的石墨成礦地質(zhì)條件,應為國內(nèi)找礦重點區(qū)域,但由于以往對華北石墨礦床研究程度較低,僅對個別礦床在成礦地質(zhì)特征和礦床成因等方面做過一些研究,不僅制約了石墨找礦工作的開展,而且在一定程度上限制了國家對其進行具體的戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃。作者通過對華北區(qū)域成礦地質(zhì)背景和已有石墨礦床地質(zhì)資料的系統(tǒng)研究,劃分出膠東、華北北緣、秦嶺、遼吉4個石墨成礦帶和萊西-平度、朱陽關-柳泉鋪等12個成礦亞帶。選擇成礦帶內(nèi)典型石墨礦床,對其成礦地質(zhì)特征進行分析,得出礦床賦礦層位為中深變質(zhì)巖系,具有典型的孔茲巖系特征；含礦巖石類型主要為富鋁的片麻巖、片巖、變粒巖、透輝巖和大理巖；礦體主要受褶皺控制,褶皺具有變質(zhì)成礦所需的封閉還原環(huán)境,使石墨在此富集、儲存；石墨形成與區(qū)域變質(zhì)作用密切相關,變質(zhì)程度越高,石墨晶體越大；后期的混合巖化作用,一方面促進石墨進一步富集生長,另一方面造成局部礦體相對貧化。對采集樣品進行巖石化學處理分析,主量元素特征顯示出樣品硅質(zhì)頁巖的Si02含量在80%左右,碳酸鹽巖Si02含量多小于30%,花崗巖SiO2含量在50%-70%之間，具有富堿和陸源物質(zhì)等特征,反映出原巖沉積環(huán)境為淺海大陸架或陸相裂谷沉積環(huán)境,原巖主要為一套富碳質(zhì)、富鋁的泥質(zhì)巖,夾中基性火山巖及碳酸鹽巖；微量元素特征顯示富集Rb、U、La、Nd、Sm,虧損Sr、Ba、 Th、Nb的規(guī)律,Rb/Sr和Sr/Ba比值反映出變質(zhì)原巖主要為陸源沉積特征,Th/U、V/V+Ni和V/Cr比值反映出缺氧的沉積變質(zhì)環(huán)境；稀土元素顯示出輕稀土富集、重稀土虧損,呈右傾型曲線,6 Ce值均為1左右,6 Eu值多小于1,稀土配分曲線圖整體顯示出弱負銪異常而無鈰異常,反映出原巖沉積環(huán)境為太古代后期陸棚相沉積特征。對采集的石墨樣品進行鋯石SHRIMP U-Pb定年,膠東成礦帶萊西南墅石墨礦成礦時代為1.82 Ga-1.86Ga,為古元古代晚期；華北北緣成礦帶興和黃土窯石墨變質(zhì)成礦作用開始于1.97Ga,為古元古代晚期；秦嶺成礦帶小岔溝石墨變質(zhì)成礦作用開始于2.08Ga,為古元古代中期,遼吉成礦帶張家堡石墨變質(zhì)成礦作用開始于2.36Ga,為古元古代早期,四個典型礦床的變質(zhì)成礦初始年齡均與所在地層年代相吻合,同時與石墨礦床多期變質(zhì)疊加特征相吻合。對華北眾多石墨礦床的碳同位素δ13C測試分析,δ13C‰數(shù)值范圍為-6.72‰～-28.93‰(絕大部分在-18‰～-28.93‰之間),通過與現(xiàn)代有機物、地質(zhì)各時代有機生物和碳酸鹽巖的δ13C‰數(shù)值對比,結(jié)果表明石墨中的碳主要來自有機碳(區(qū)域變質(zhì)作用形成),少數(shù)來自無機碳(混合巖化作用形成)。通過對典型石墨礦床的成礦地質(zhì)特征、地球化學特征、年代學特征和13C同位素特征的研究,華北石墨礦床成因類型主要為混合巖化型。綜合混合巖化型石墨礦床的控礦條件及找礦標志,建立綜合信息找礦預測模型；依據(jù)綜合信息找礦預測模型,選擇有利找礦靶區(qū),首先開展勘查找礦工作,并在內(nèi)蒙古大烏淀、遼寧杜屯和張家堡取得重大找礦成果,使得成礦模型和找礦模型的科學性得到了很好的驗證,表明綜合信息找礦預測模型對區(qū)內(nèi)石墨找礦具有重要的指導意義,且混合巖化型石墨礦床仍是今后區(qū)內(nèi)重點找礦類型。
[Abstract]:North China Craton ( North China ) is one of the world ' s oldest ( - 3.8 Ga ) craton , and a series of major geological events occurred during the evolution of the crust , including continental nucleus development , crystalline basement formation , craton cleavage , convergence , splicing , cap development , sedimentary metamorphism and magmatic activity .
In 2004 , due to the discovery of graphene , the strategic position of graphite was outstanding , and a new upsurge of graphite exploration was launched in 2004 .
In this paper , 12 metallogenic subzones , such as Jiaodong , North Margin of North China , Qinling , Liaoji , 4 graphite metallogenic belts and Laixi - Ping , Zhuyangguan - Liuquan pu , are divided into the typical graphite deposits in North China .
The ore - bearing rock types are mainly aluminum - rich gneiss , slate , metamorphic rock , diaphorite and marble ;
The ore body is mainly controlled by the fold , and the fold has the enclosed reduction environment required for the metamorphic ore - forming , so that the graphite is enriched and stored ;
Graphite formation is closely related to the regional metamorphism , and the higher the degree of metamorphism , the larger the graphite crystal ;
The results show that the content of Si02 of the sample siliceous shale is about 80 % , the content of Si02 in carbonate rocks is less than 30 % , the content of SiO2 in carbonate rocks is between 50 % and 70 % , and it has rich alkali and terrigenous materials .
The trace elements show that the enrichment of Rb , U , La , Nd , Sm , loss Sr , Ba , Th , Nb and Rb / Sr and Sr / Ba ratio reflect that the metamorphic rock is mainly terrigenous sedimentary characteristics , Th / U , V / V + Ni and V / Cr ratio reflect the sedimentary metamorphic environment of hypoxia ;
The rare earth element shows light rare earth enrichment , heavy rare earth loss , right dip curve , 6 Ce value is about 1 , the value of 6 Eu is more than 1 , the REE distribution graph shows weak negative europium anomaly and no Ce anomaly , which reflects the sedimentary environment of the primitive rock is Archean early stage continental shelf facies sedimentary characteristics . The zircon U - Pb dating for the collected graphite samples is 1 . 82 Ga - 1.86Ga , which is the late Proterozoic era ;
The mineralization of the North Margin of North China and the metamorphism of the graphite in the loess kiln begin at 1.97Ga , which is the late Proterozoic ;
In this paper , the authors suggest that carbon isotope 未13C test and geochemical characteristics , chronology features and 13C isotopic characteristics of many graphite deposits in North China show that carbon in the graphite is mainly from organic carbon ( formation of regional metamorphism ) and minority is from inorganic carbon ( formation of mixed rock ) .
According to the comprehensive information prospecting prediction model , the favorable prospecting target area is selected , and the prospecting and prospecting work is carried out firstly , and significant prospecting results are obtained in the Dawu Lake , Liaoning Datun and Zhangpu , Inner Mongolia , so that the ore - forming model and the scientific nature of the prospecting model are well verified , and the comprehensive information prospecting prediction model has important guiding significance to the graphite prospecting in the region , and the mixed rock type graphite deposit is still the main prospecting type in the future .

【學位授予單位】：遼寧工程技術大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P619.252

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