本文選題：低溫 + 氯化鉀��； 參考：《山西大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：氯化鉀是農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中的一種重要的鉀肥來源,以泡沫正浮選法生產(chǎn)為主,鹽酸十八胺是常用的浮選捕收劑。但是,在低溫下浮選效率低,藥劑消耗量大,大量氯化鉀損失在浮選尾礦中,嚴(yán)重影響了鉀肥的年產(chǎn)量和供給。同時,氯化鉀作為一種可溶性鹽,其浮選是在飽和溶液中進(jìn)行的,溶液體系的離子種類和高離子強(qiáng)度都使得氯化鉀浮選具有一定的特殊性。為了揭示低溫下氯化鉀正浮選回收率低的問題,本論文結(jié)合我國鉀鹽浮選體系中存在大量復(fù)雜鹽離子的情況,在優(yōu)化捕收劑濃度測定方法的基礎(chǔ)上,研究胺類捕收劑在氯化鉀晶體表面吸附行為、吸附機(jī)理以及無機(jī)鹽對氯化鉀浮選行為的影響。主要研究內(nèi)容和結(jié)果如下:(1)利用氣相色譜法和金橙-2分光光度法研究了鹽酸十八胺在高離子強(qiáng)度飽和鹽溶液體系中的濃度測定方法,結(jié)果表明當(dāng)鹽酸十八胺的濃度范圍分別為2×10~(-5)～1×10~(-4)mol/L和1×10~(-6)～2×10~(-5)mol/L時,兩種方法所測鹽酸十八胺的濃度與吸光度線性關(guān)系良好。綜合比較,金橙-2分光光度法測定鹽酸十八胺的濃度更低,操作方便,儀器簡單,適合用來測定KCl飽和溶液中鹽酸十八胺的濃度。(2)通過恒溫靜態(tài)吸附實(shí)驗(yàn)研究了胺類捕收劑在氯化鉀晶體顆粒表面的吸附。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,胺類捕收劑在氯化鉀晶體顆粒表面吸附的平衡時間為4 h,吸附實(shí)驗(yàn)實(shí)驗(yàn)選擇5h,飽和吸附量都隨著溫度的升高而增大。而且飽和溶液體系也對吸附有較大的影響,與KCl飽和體系相比,KCl-MgCl_飽和體系中的平衡吸附量明顯減少,并且低溫時減少較多。(3)采用動力學(xué)方程和吸附等溫方程對鹽酸十八胺捕收劑在氯化鉀晶體顆粒表面的吸附數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了擬合,表明鹽酸十八胺在氯化鉀晶體顆粒表面的吸附行為符合一級動力學(xué)模型,吸附等溫線擬合符合Langmuir吸附等溫線模型,分子之間作用力比較弱,屬于單層吸附,吸附量很少。通過被俘氣泡法對各種飽和鹽溶液中KCl晶體顆粒表面接觸角進(jìn)行測定,KCl晶體顆粒的接觸角隨著鹽酸十八胺濃度升高先增大后平穩(wěn),隨著溫度升高增大;KCl飽和體系中比KCl-MgCl_飽和體系中的接觸角大。FT-IR紅外光譜的分析結(jié)果表明,鹽酸十八胺在氯化鉀晶體顆粒表面有選擇性的吸附,而在同樣條件下氯化鈉晶體顆粒表面并沒有出現(xiàn)鹽酸十八胺的特征吸收峰。(4)通過微浮選實(shí)驗(yàn)考察了溫度和飽和鹽溶液體系對鹽酸十八胺浮選回收率的影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,溫度的降低顯著降低了鹽酸十八胺在氯化鉀晶體顆粒表面的吸附,浮選回收率明顯降低,尤其是在0℃下捕收劑濃度較高的時候浮選回收率急劇降低,降低了40%多。與KCl飽和體系相比,在KCl-MgCl_飽和體系中鹽酸十八胺在氯化鉀晶體顆粒表面的吸附量減少,浮選回收率降低。本研究工作拓展了氯化鉀浮選研究的手段,豐富了氯化鉀浮選機(jī)理,為提高低溫高離子強(qiáng)度氯化鉀浮選回收率以及制定合理的鹽湖化工生產(chǎn)工藝提供科學(xué)依據(jù)和理論支撐,對解決我國鉀肥資源缺乏的困境具有科學(xué)意義。
[Abstract]:Potassium chloride is an important source of potassium fertilizer in agricultural production, mainly in the foam positive flotation process, and eighteen amine hydrochloride is a commonly used flotation collector. However, the flotation efficiency is low at low temperature, the consumption of chemicals is large, and a large amount of potassium chloride is lost in the flotation tailings, which seriously affects the annual production and supply of potash fertilizer. The flotation of the soluble salts is carried out in the saturated solution. The type of ion and the high ionic strength of the solution system make the flotation of potassium chloride a certain particularity. In order to reveal the low recovery rate of the positive flotation of potassium chloride at low temperature, this paper combines the situation of a large number of complex salt ions in the potash floatation body in our country, and is optimized in this paper. On the basis of the determination of collector concentration, the adsorption behavior of amine collectors on the surface of potassium chloride crystals, the mechanism of adsorption and the effect of inorganic salts on the flotation behavior of potassium chloride are studied. The main contents and results are as follows: (1) the high ionic strength saturated salt solution of eighteen amine hydrochloride was studied by gas chromatography and gold orange -2 spectrophotometric method. The results show that when the concentration range of eighteen amine hydrochloride is 2 * 10~ (-5) ~ 1 * 10~ (-4) mol/L and 1 x 10~ (-6) to 2 x 10~ (-5) mol/L respectively, the concentration of eighteen amine hydrochloride has a good linear relationship with the absorbance, and the concentration is lower than the gold orange -2 spectrophotometric method for the determination of the concentration of eighteen amine hydrochloride. The operation is convenient and the instrument is simple. It is suitable for the determination of the concentration of eighteen amine hydrochloride in KCl saturated solution. (2) the adsorption of amine collectors on the surface of potassium chloride crystal particles is studied by static adsorption experiments at constant temperature. The experimental results show that the equilibrium time for the adsorption of amine collectors on the surface of potassium chloride crystals is 4 h, and the adsorption experiment is selected. 5h, the saturated adsorption capacity increases with the increase of temperature. Moreover, the saturated solution system also has a great influence on the adsorption. Compared with the KCl saturation system, the equilibrium adsorption amount in the KCl-MgCl_ saturation system is obviously reduced and the low temperature decreases more. (3) the kinetic equation and the adsorption isotherm equation are used for the chlorination of the eighteen amine hydrochloric acid collector. The adsorption data on the surface of potassium crystal particles have been fitted. It is shown that the adsorption behavior of eighteen amine hydrochloride on the surface of potassium chloride crystal conforms to the first order kinetic model. The adsorption isotherm fits the model of Langmuir adsorption isotherm, and the interaction between molecules is weak, which belongs to single layer adsorption, and the adsorption amount is very few. The contact angle of the KCl crystal particles in the saturated salt solution is measured. The contact angle of the KCl crystal particles increases first and then becomes stable with the increase of the concentration of eighteen amine hydrochloride, and increases with the temperature. The analysis of the.FT-IR infrared spectra of the contact angle of the KCl saturation system compared with the KCl-MgCl_ saturation system shows that the eighteen amine hydrochloride is in the potassium chloride crystal. The surface of the particles was selectively adsorbed, and the characteristic absorption peak of eighteen amine hydrochloride was not found on the surface of the sodium chloride crystal particles under the same conditions. (4) the effect of temperature and saturated salt solution system on the flotation recovery of eighteen amine hydrochloride was investigated by micro flotation. The experimental results showed that the decrease of temperature was significantly reduced by eighteen hydrochloric acid. The flotation recovery rate of amine on the surface of potassium chloride crystal particles is obviously reduced, especially when the collector concentration is high at 0 C, and the flotation recovery rate decreases rapidly and reduces by more than 40%. Compared with the KCl saturation system, the adsorption of eighteen amine hydrochloride on the surface of potassium chloride particles in the KCl-MgCl_ saturation system is reduced, and the flotation recovery rate is reduced. The research work extends the study of potassium chloride flotation, enriches the mechanism of the flotation of potassium chloride, provides scientific basis and theoretical support for improving the recovery rate of potassium chloride flotation at low temperature and high ionic strength, and formulating a reasonable production technology of Saline Lake chemical industry. It is of scientific significance to solve the plight of the lack of potash resources in China.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TD923.13

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