本文選題：鉈 + 硫化鉛精礦�。� 參考：《湘潭大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：鉈是一種有毒稀散重金屬元素,常伴生于方鉛礦、黃鐵礦、閃鋅礦、輝銻礦、黃銅礦、辰砂等硫化礦物中。硫化鉛鋅礦選礦過程中,部分鉈在硫化鉛精礦中富集,并在冶煉過程中釋放而危害生態(tài)環(huán)境。因此,研究出經(jīng)濟實用的鉛精礦預處理脫鉈技術,實現(xiàn)從源頭控制鉈污染,成為當今有色金屬工業(yè)面臨的重大難題。目前,未見到關于硫化鉛精礦預處理脫鉈方面的相關研究報道。本文以湖南寶山有色金屬公司提供的浮選硫化鉛精礦為研究對象,該礦樣中鉈的品位達48.75 g/t。鉈連續(xù)分級提取試驗(BCR)結果表明,鉈主要賦存于礦樣可氧化態(tài)部分,占總鉈72.6%。本文針對鉈在礦樣中各結合態(tài)分布不同,研究了三種脫鉈工藝:直接酸浸、氧化劑氧化-酸浸、堿式氧化-酸浸,分析了三種工藝脫鉈可行性和最佳工藝條件。(1)采用直接酸浸工藝脫鉈效果不理想,其最佳工藝條件為:磨礦細度-0.074mm90%,浸出體系硫酸用量5%,浸出溫度60℃,浸出時間8 h,此時硫化鉛精礦中鉈去除率僅為18.5%。在浸出體系中加入NaCl,可縮短浸出時間并提高鉈的去除率至23.1%。(2)進行氧化劑預氧化-酸浸脫鉈試驗研究中,分別選取次氯酸鈉、氯酸鈉、硫酸鐵和氯化鐵作為氧化劑對礦樣預處理,試驗結果可知,在最佳工藝條件下,鉈的去除率分別為36.1%、50.2%、22.2%和27.4%。礦樣經(jīng)氯酸鈉預氧化后可得較好的脫鉈效果,但鉛的回收率降低,為79.8%。(3)堿式氧化預處理-酸浸脫鉈工藝試驗結果表明,鉈去除率高達83.4%,其最佳工藝條件為:磨礦細度-0.074 mm90%,NaOH用量5%,充氣速率為1.25L/min,礦漿濃度20%,氧化溫度為50℃,氧化時間32 h;浸出體系硫酸用量12%,攪拌速率350 r/min,浸出溫度40℃,浸出時間3.5 h。濕法脫鉈后,鉛精礦中鉈的品位為8.06 g/t,鉛的品位為61.9%,鉛的回收率96.9%,達到了硫化鉛精礦預處理脫鉈目的,完全滿足冶煉廠要求。
[Abstract]:Thallium is a kind of toxic and scattered heavy metal element, which is often associated with sulphide minerals such as galena, pyrite, sphalerite, stibnite, chalcopyrite, cinnabar and so on. Some thallium is enriched in the lead sulfide concentrate during the processing of lead zinc sulphide ore and released in the smelting process which endangers the ecological environment. Therefore, it is an important problem for the nonferrous metal industry to study the economical and practical thallium removal technology for the control of thallium pollution from the source. At present, there are no reports on thallium removal by pretreatment of lead sulfide concentrate. The flotation lead sulphide concentrate provided by Baoshan Nonferrous Metals Company in Hunan Province is taken as the research object. The thallium grade in the sample is 48.75 g / t. The results of continuous grading extraction of thallium show that thallium mainly occurs in the oxidizable part of the ore sample and accounts for 72.6% of the total thallium. Aiming at the different distribution of thallium in mineral samples, three processes of thallium removal are studied in this paper: direct acid leaching, oxidant oxidation acid leaching, basic oxidation acid leaching. The feasibility and optimum process conditions of thallium removal in three processes were analyzed. The effect of direct acid leaching was not satisfactory. The optimum technological conditions were: grinding fineness -0.074 mm 90 mm, leaching system sulfuric acid dosage 5, leaching temperature 60 鈩，

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