本文選題：鉛 + 煤��； 參考：《中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：自1970年以來鉛由于其潛在環(huán)境危害性及生物累積性引起了人們廣泛的關(guān)注和研究。鉛,作為煤中常見的微量元素之一,在煤炭的開采、存放、選洗及燃燒過程中,大量釋放到環(huán)境中,從而給環(huán)境帶來危害。本文在研究煤中鉛的豐度與分布、賦存狀態(tài)、富集成因的基礎(chǔ)上,以安徽淮南礦區(qū)為例,系統(tǒng)地研究了煤礦區(qū)環(huán)境中鉛的地球化學(xué)行為。 在充分調(diào)研國內(nèi)外文獻的基礎(chǔ)上,采用加權(quán)均值統(tǒng)計法,計算得出中國煤中鉛的平均值為13.0μg/g,不同成煤區(qū)域中Pb的含量差異較大,根據(jù)煤中Pb含量的不同,劃分出低鉛煤(Pb20μg/g),中鉛煤(20μg/gPb40μg/g),高鉛煤(Pb40μg/g)三個不同的分級標(biāo)準；且煤中的鉛含量與成煤時代和煤級密切相關(guān),其中晚三疊世煤和高煤階煤中的鉛含量較高,推測與區(qū)域的地球化學(xué)差異和后期的地質(zhì)演化及巖漿熱液活動有關(guān)；煤中的鉛主要與硫化物礦物相結(jié)合,尤以方鉛礦形態(tài)存在較為常見；在煤炭燃燒或者熱解的過程中,煤中鉛部分遷移釋放到大氣當(dāng)中,部分鉛會富集在固體殘留物(底灰和飛灰)中。 以安徽淮南礦區(qū)為例,探討了煤炭開采過程中中鉛的環(huán)境地球化學(xué)。在分析Pb的礦區(qū)表生環(huán)境中的含量分布基礎(chǔ)上,對Pb的環(huán)境危害進行評價分析。該煤礦區(qū)土壤中鉛的平均含量為28.3mg/kg,與煤矸石中的鉛含量相當(dāng)(29.2mg/kg);煤矸石可以通過雨水淋溶到土壤環(huán)境中。在礦區(qū)土壤中采集的動物樣品(蚯蚓)中Pb的含量較高,而礦區(qū)塌陷湖水樣中的含量較低,這說明鉛通過土壤遷移到蚯蚓體內(nèi),而水體受其影響較小。 對礦區(qū)農(nóng)作物中Pb的含量研究發(fā)現(xiàn),小麥根部的含量高于在莖、葉、殼中的含量,在籽實中富集,且超出了國家對食品中鉛含量的限定(GB2762-2012)。在水稻和黃豆體內(nèi),大部分鉛被固定在根部,其次是莖和殼。在三種作物當(dāng)中,小麥對鉛具有更高的吸收能力。鑒于鯽魚肉中的鉛含量水平在污染物限量范圍內(nèi),塌陷湖水體中養(yǎng)殖的鯽魚被認為是適于食用的。通過對每日攝入量和總危害商的計算,證明了礦區(qū)居民食用礦區(qū)生產(chǎn)的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品暫時是沒有較大的風(fēng)險的。
[Abstract]:Lead has attracted extensive attention and research since 1970. Lead, as one of the most common trace elements in coal, has been released into the environment in the process of coal mining, storage, washing and combustion. This paper studies the abundance and distribution of lead in coal. Based on the occurrence and enrichment causes, the geochemical behavior of lead in coal mining area is systematically studied in Anhui Huainan mining area as an example.
On the basis of full investigation and investigation of domestic and foreign literature, the average value of lead in Chinese coal is 13 g/g, and the content of Pb in different coal forming regions is different. According to the different content of Pb in coal, three different grades of low lead coal (Pb20 mu g/g), medium lead coal (20 u g/gPb40 mu g/g), and high lead coal (Pb40 u g/g) are classified. The lead content in coal is closely related to the coal age and coal grade, in which the lead content in the late three strata and the high rank coal is higher, which is presumed to be related to the regional geochemical differences, the later geological evolution and the magmatic hydrothermal activity; the lead in the coal is mainly combined with the sulfide minerals, especially the galena form. In coal combustion or pyrolysis, some of the lead in the coal migrate to the atmosphere, and some lead will accumulate in solid residues (bottom ash and fly ash).
Taking Huainan mining area in Anhui as an example, the environmental geochemistry of lead in the process of coal mining is discussed. On the basis of the analysis of the content distribution in the epigenetic environment of the Pb mining area, the environmental hazards of Pb are evaluated and analyzed. The average lead content in the soil of the coal mine area is 28.3mg/kg, which is equal to the lead content in the coal gangue (29.2mg/kg); the coal gangue can be used. In the soil environment, the content of Pb in the soil collected in the mining area is higher, but the content of the subsidence lake water in the mining area is low, which indicates that the lead is migrated through the soil to the earthworm, and the water body is less affected by it.
The content of Pb in the crops of the mining area showed that the content of wheat roots was higher than that in the stems, leaves and shells, enriched in the grain, and exceeded the national limit on the content of lead in food (GB2762-2012). In the rice and soybean, most of the lead was fixed in the root, followed by the stem and shell. Among the three crops, the wheat had more lead to lead. In view of the level of lead content in Carassius carp meat within the limits of pollutants, the Carassius carassius cultivated in the collapsed lake water is considered to be suitable for food. By the calculation of daily intake and total harm, it is proved that the agricultural products produced in the mining area of the mining area are temporarily without greater risk.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X752;X142

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