本文選題：巷道 + 底鼓��； 參考：《河北工程大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：目前巷道底鼓是煤礦開采過程中面臨的主要難題之一。通常認(rèn)為底鼓由下述的一個(gè)或多個(gè)因素引起:(1)開巷后圍巖應(yīng)力變化造成巷道底板巖層卸載產(chǎn)生彈塑性變形向巷道內(nèi)鼓起;(2)巷道兩幫在垂直應(yīng)力作用下擠壓底板,使底板受水平應(yīng)力作用向巷道內(nèi)鼓起;(3)在上述應(yīng)力作用下底板破碎后產(chǎn)生的體積擴(kuò)大;(4)底板巖層的流變性導(dǎo)致底鼓量隨時(shí)間延長而增加;(5)巷道底板出現(xiàn)拉應(yīng)變和兩幫下沉而導(dǎo)致底鼓;(6)水對底板的作用,底板中某些粘土礦物如蒙脫石等遇水后體積膨脹,并使圍巖強(qiáng)度降低,結(jié)構(gòu)松散,易崩解、破碎。是礦山生產(chǎn)的一大自然災(zāi)害。尤其在當(dāng)前煤炭資源快速整合下,重組前很多原有煤礦由于生產(chǎn)技術(shù)落后管理混亂,重生產(chǎn)缺安全造成開采環(huán)境十分復(fù)雜。重組后礦井遺留很多問題即整合前遺留大量未知采空區(qū)和老巷的現(xiàn)狀,重組生產(chǎn)后極易相近交叉甚至揭露。以重組后豐達(dá)煤礦-340軌道大巷導(dǎo)3點(diǎn)區(qū)域異常底鼓為例。為此我們通過層次分析法結(jié)合現(xiàn)場情況分析主要引起導(dǎo)3區(qū)域巷道底鼓主要原因,在此基礎(chǔ)上研究注漿加固可行性并通過Flac3D分析不同巖性底板對底鼓量影響,提出復(fù)雜條件下巷道底鼓控制技術(shù)。提出了臥底留卸壓槽、注漿管加固、聯(lián)合支護(hù)法三種治理方案,取得成果如下:①臥底留卸壓槽可以減小底鼓量,隨著深度的增加底鼓量減小,底板圍巖處水平應(yīng)力增加,應(yīng)力峰值向深部轉(zhuǎn)移。②底板注漿管加固底板增大底板的抗壓強(qiáng)度,不僅可以減小底板變形量,還可以起到注漿堵水作用間接防止底板巖層遇水軟化。③聯(lián)合支護(hù)法比臥底留卸壓槽進(jìn)一步減小底鼓量,增加底板穩(wěn)定性。注漿管在注漿中容易出現(xiàn)跑漿等現(xiàn)象,不利于達(dá)到理想效果,聯(lián)合支護(hù)法采用澆灌混凝土留注漿管的方法,待混凝土達(dá)到設(shè)計(jì)抗壓強(qiáng)度,再進(jìn)一步注漿,效果最好。針對導(dǎo)3點(diǎn)區(qū)域底鼓,采取臥底留卸壓槽+澆灌混凝+注漿管注漿聯(lián)合支護(hù)的控制技術(shù),取得良好的效果,為豐達(dá)煤礦類似巷道提供技術(shù)借鑒,市場推廣前景廣闊。
[Abstract]:At present, roadway floor heave is one of the main problems in coal mining process. It is generally considered that the floor heave is caused by one or more of the following factors to cause the stress change of surrounding rock behind the roadway opening, which results in elastoplastic deformation of the roadway floor rock strata unloading to the roadway floor bulging and bulging in the roadway and the two sides of the roadway extruding the floor slab under the action of vertical stress. Cause the floor to bulge inside the roadway under the action of horizontal stress 3) under the above stress action, the volume of the floor is enlarged after breaking) the rheology of the floor rock layer results in the increase of the floor heave with the time extension) the tensile strain and the tensile strain of the roadway floor appear. The action of water on the bottom plate, Some clay minerals in the floor such as montmorillonite dilate in volume after water and the strength of surrounding rock is reduced the structure is loose easy to break down and broken. Is a mine production of a natural disaster. Especially under the rapid integration of current coal resources, many of the original coal mines are very complex because of the backward management of production technology and the lack of safety in heavy production before reorganization. After recombination, many problems are left over, that is, a large number of unknown goaf and old roadway before integration, so it is easy to cross and even expose after recombination production. An example of abnormal bottom drum in 3 points of track roadway of-340 track in Fengda coal mine after recombination is taken as an example. For this reason, we analyze the main causes of roadway floor heave in Dao3 area by AHP combined with field situation. On the basis of this, we study the feasibility of grouting reinforcement and analyze the effect of different lithologic floor on the floor heave by Flac3D. The control technology of roadway floor heave under complex conditions is put forward. Three kinds of treatment schemes are put forward, such as underground retaining pressure relief groove, grouting pipe strengthening, combined support and protecting method. The results are as follows: 1. The proportion of bottom drum can be reduced. With the increase of depth, the horizontal stress in surrounding rock of bottom slab increases. The peak value of stress transferring to the deep part of the bottom plate reinforced by grouting pipe can not only reduce the deformation of the bottom plate, but also increase the compressive strength of the bottom plate. It can also play a role of water plugging and indirectly prevent the bottom rock layer from softening by water. 3. The combined branch protection method can further reduce the bottom drum and increase the stability of the bottom plate compared with the underground pressure relief groove. The grouting pipe is easy to appear in the grouting, which is not conducive to the ideal effect. The best effect is obtained when the concrete reaches the design compressive strength and the further grouting is achieved by adopting the method of pouring concrete to retain the grouting pipe. In view of the bottom bulge in the 3 point area, the control technology of concrete grouting pipe grouting combined support is adopted, which provides a reference for similar roadways in Fengda Coal Mine and has a broad market prospect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TD353

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