本文選題：采空區(qū) + 陷落柱�。� 參考：《太原理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：煤礦采空區(qū)是人工開采煤炭資源形成的一種地質(zhì)災(zāi)害體。在自身重力的作用下，這些采空區(qū)受到不同程度的塌陷，導(dǎo)水、積水以及積氣現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重，不僅是多種礦山地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的直接誘發(fā)因素，而且對(duì)礦山的安全生產(chǎn)工作造成影響，給人民的生命及財(cái)產(chǎn)安全帶來隱患；陷落柱是在一定的水文條件下，可溶性巖石溶蝕形成空洞，，上覆巖層塌陷形成的一種特殊地質(zhì)異常體。采空區(qū)與陷落柱的形成過程極為相似，都是由于空洞引起上覆巖層的塌陷而形成的，在地震時(shí)間剖面上很容易出現(xiàn)這兩種地質(zhì)異常體的錯(cuò)判、誤判等現(xiàn)象，如何正確識(shí)別出采空區(qū)及陷落柱成為地震解釋中的一項(xiàng)重要研究課題。 本文先對(duì)采空區(qū)以及陷落柱形成機(jī)理、內(nèi)部成分及圍巖產(chǎn)狀等特征進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的闡述，為本文的分析研究工作提供可靠的理論依據(jù)。根據(jù)采空區(qū)以及陷落柱的實(shí)際賦存形態(tài)建立內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)不同的地震地質(zhì)模型，并對(duì)這些地震地質(zhì)模型進(jìn)行正演模擬。首先對(duì)得到的單炮記錄進(jìn)行分析，然后對(duì)所得到的單炮記錄進(jìn)行CMP抽道集、動(dòng)校正、疊加、偏移等處理過程，重點(diǎn)是對(duì)所生成的時(shí)間剖面上的的地震波場特征進(jìn)行分析和對(duì)比。結(jié)果表明，空洞型采空區(qū)會(huì)對(duì)下組煤產(chǎn)生屏蔽作用，塌陷采空區(qū)的下方會(huì)出現(xiàn)延遲反射波以及延遲繞射波的疊加波，在采空區(qū)上方會(huì)出現(xiàn)接近平行于煤層的短反射波；陷落柱不會(huì)對(duì)下組煤層產(chǎn)生屏蔽作用，且下方僅出現(xiàn)延遲繞射波，其中一些陷落柱自柱頂至柱底或只在陷落柱底部也會(huì)出現(xiàn)雜亂的反射波。根據(jù)得到的波場響應(yīng)特征準(zhǔn)確地識(shí)別出地震時(shí)間剖面上的采空區(qū)及陷落柱，以減少煤礦事故的發(fā)生和資源浪費(fèi)。
[Abstract]:Goaf is a kind of geological hazard formed by artificial mining of coal resources.Under the action of their own gravity, these goaf areas are seriously affected by collapse, water diversion, water accumulation and gas accumulation, which are not only the direct inducing factors of various geological disasters in mines, but also have an impact on the safe production of mines.The collapse column is a special geological anomaly formed by soluble rock dissolution and collapse of overlying rock under certain hydrological conditions.The process of formation of goaf and collapse column is very similar, both caused by cavities caused by collapse of overlying strata, the two kinds of geological anomalies are easily misjudged and misjudged on the seismic time profile.How to correctly identify goaf and collapse column has become an important research subject in seismic interpretation.In this paper, the formation mechanism of goaf and collapse column, the internal composition and the occurrence of surrounding rock are systematically expounded, which provides a reliable theoretical basis for the analysis and research of this paper.According to the actual occurrence form of goaf and collapse column, the seismogeological models with different internal structures are established, and the forward modeling of these seismic geological models is carried out.First, the single shot record is analyzed, and then the CMP sampling, NMO, stack, migration and other processing processes are carried out. The emphasis is on the analysis and comparison of the seismic wave field characteristics on the generated time profile.The results show that the cavernous goaf will shield the lower coal, the delayed reflection wave and the superimposed wave of the delayed diffraction wave will appear under the collapse goaf, and the short reflection wave near to the coal seam will appear above the goaf.The collapse pillar will not shield the coal seam of the lower formation, and there are only delayed diffraction waves at the bottom of the coal seam, and some of the collapse columns will also appear disorderly reflection waves from the top of the column to the bottom of the column or only at the bottom of the collapse column.According to the response characteristics of the wave field, the goaf and the collapse column on the seismic time profile can be accurately identified in order to reduce the occurrence of coal mine accidents and the waste of resources.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TD325.3;P631.4

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