本文選題：金川鎳礦 + 新型膠凝材料��； 參考：《內(nèi)蒙古科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：充填采礦法不僅具有高回采率、低貧化率的顯著優(yōu)勢(shì)，而且能夠有效地控制采空區(qū)地壓，防止地表沉陷；但存在充填料不足、充填成本高和采礦效益低等問(wèn)題。 金川鎳礦是以埋藏深、圍巖破碎、地應(yīng)力高為特點(diǎn)的難開(kāi)采礦床。通過(guò)大量的采礦技術(shù)攻關(guān)和生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐，該最終選擇了下向分層膠結(jié)充填采礦法。目前主要使用的膠凝材料為水泥，充填骨料為棒磨砂，采用高濃度、高灰砂比料漿充填，其充填成本之高國(guó)內(nèi)外不多見(jiàn)，使企業(yè)面臨巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力。降低采礦成本是金川鎳礦最迫切問(wèn)題。 甘肅省翁福集團(tuán)每年排放大量的磷石膏廢渣。磷石膏廢渣的大量堆存，不僅占用了大量土地資源，還嚴(yán)重威脅了磷石膏堆場(chǎng)附近的地下水、地表水以及環(huán)境的安全。因此，利用磷石膏和廢石固體廢棄物，開(kāi)發(fā)低成本和高強(qiáng)度的新型充填膠凝材料，不僅可以降低充填采礦成本，而且還實(shí)現(xiàn)固體廢棄物的資源化利用，實(shí)現(xiàn)綠色無(wú)廢開(kāi)采，從而保護(hù)礦山環(huán)境，實(shí)現(xiàn)金川企業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。 根據(jù)前期大量探索試驗(yàn)，，以磷石膏、礦渣作為主要原料，以生石灰、NaOH和芒硝為復(fù)合激發(fā)劑，開(kāi)發(fā)的新型膠凝材料配比大致范圍為：生石灰4%～6%，NaOH為2%～4%，芒硝1.5%～2.5%，磷石膏為30%～40%。 以棒磨砂為充填骨料，采用正交試驗(yàn)與極差分析，確定了新型膠凝材料的最優(yōu)配比：生石灰4%，磷石膏35%， NaOH為3%，芒硝為2%，礦渣為54%。當(dāng)膠砂比1:4，濃度80%，其充填體3d、7d、28d抗壓強(qiáng)度分別達(dá)到2.17MPa、4.35MPa、8.97MPa，滿足金川鎳礦對(duì)充填體強(qiáng)度要求。根據(jù)SEM分析，揭示出新型膠凝材料的水化反應(yīng)的主要產(chǎn)物是水化硅酸鈣凝膠（C-S-H）和鈣礬石（AFt）。 開(kāi)展了新型膠凝材料棒磨砂料漿的流變特性的試驗(yàn)研究。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，新型膠凝材料的充填料漿流變特性與水泥料漿的流變特性不存在本質(zhì)上的差異。新型膠凝材料的充填料漿仍屬于賓漢體，滿足金川鎳礦對(duì)充填料漿自流輸送的流動(dòng)性的要求。 利用Fluent軟件進(jìn)行料漿在管道中輸送的數(shù)值模擬，模擬結(jié)果揭示了充填料漿在管道輸送過(guò)程中的流動(dòng)狀態(tài)，清楚的觀察到充填料漿的速度及壓力分布情況。新型膠凝材料充填料漿在管道中呈現(xiàn)層流狀態(tài)，并存在流核（柱塞流），利用金川礦區(qū)現(xiàn)有自流充填系統(tǒng)，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)自流充填。
[Abstract]:The filling mining method not only has significant advantages of high recovery rate and low dilution rate, but also can effectively control gob ground pressure and prevent surface subsidence, but there are problems such as insufficient filling, high filling cost and low mining benefit.
Jinchuan nickel mine is in deep buried, broken wall rock, high stress characteristics of difficult mining. The mining technology research and production practice, the final choice of underhand cut-and-fill mining method. The cementitious materials are currently used as filling aggregate for cement, grinding sand, high concentration, high sand than the slurry filling, the filling in high cost and rare, so that enterprises are facing tremendous economic pressure. To reduce the cost of mining in Jinchuan nickel mine is the most urgent problem.
Gansu province Weng Fu Group annual emissions of a large amount of phosphogypsum residue. The stockpiling of phosphogypsum waste, not only takes up a lot of land resources, but also a serious threat to the nearby phosphogypsum yard of groundwater, surface water and environmental safety. Therefore, waste utilization of phosphogypsum and solid waste, the development of new filling material is low cost and high strength, can not only reduce the cost of filling, but also realize the resource utilization of solid waste, green waste free mining, so as to protect the mine environment, realize the sustainable development of enterprises in Jinchuan.
According to a large number of exploratory experiments in the early stage, with phosphogypsum and slag as main raw materials and quicklime, NaOH and mirabilite as composite activators, the proportion of new cementing materials is roughly 4%: 6% quicklime, 2% to 4% of NaOH, 1.5% to 2.5% of Glauber's salt, and 30% to 40%. of phosphogypsum.
The rod mill as filling aggregate, by analysis of orthogonal test and range to determine the optimal proportion of new cementitious material: phosphogypsum lime 4%, 35%, 3% for NaOH, 2% for 54%. mirabilite slag, when cement sand ratio 1:4, the concentration of 80%, the filling body 3D, 7d, 28d compressive strength respectively. 2.17MPa, 4.35MPa, 8.97MPa, to meet the requirements of the strength of the filling body of Jinchuan nickel mine. According to the SEM analysis, reveals the main product of the hydration reaction of new cementitious material is calcium silicate hydrate gel (C-S-H) and Ettringite (AFt).
Experiment was conducted to study the rheological properties of new cementitious material rod grinding slurry. The experimental results show that the rheological properties of slurry and the rheological properties of cement slurry is a new cementing material there is no difference in essence. Filling slurry of new cementitious material still belongs to Bingham, full of gold ore of Sichuan slurry gravity transportation liquidity requirements.
Numerical simulation of slurry in pipeline by using Fluent software, the simulation results reveal the flow state of filling slurry in pipeline, clearly observed velocity and pressure distribution of filling slurry. The new cementitious material of filling slurry in pipeline in the presentation layer flow state and flow (nuclear Zhu Sailiu), using Jinchuan mining existing gravity filling system, can achieve self filling.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TD853.34

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