發(fā)布時間：2018-04-14 18:26

  本文選題：松散介質堆積體 + 模型試驗�。� 參考：《江西理工大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：礦山常見排土場堆放的廢石土及選礦廠排放的尾礦都屬于松散介質堆積體,這些堆積體失穩(wěn)滑移將造成嚴重的安全事故,給國家、社會帶來難以估量的損失,因次對排土場和尾礦庫進行失穩(wěn)前兆的預測具有非常重要的價值和意義。目前排土場和尾礦庫穩(wěn)定性的監(jiān)測主要是對其表面和內部的變形、位移進行監(jiān)測,無法真實反映其內部松散體顆粒間的錯動滑移情況。聲發(fā)射能反映被監(jiān)測物體內部的破壞機理,排土場及尾礦庫失穩(wěn)時松散介質間的滑動摩擦將產生聲發(fā)射,因而將聲發(fā)射用于監(jiān)測排土場及尾礦庫的穩(wěn)定性具有其可能性。本文擬以松散介質堆積體之一的排土場為研究對象,通過構建散體邊坡模型,進行散體邊坡滑移破壞的聲發(fā)射試驗。采用試驗研究與理論分析相結合的方法,進行了松散體滑移破壞過程聲發(fā)射信號特性研究,得到了以下的結論:(1)設計了一套散體邊坡模型試驗裝置,通過構建滑移面使得散體邊坡發(fā)生滑移破壞,同時在坡頂、坡中及坡底3個位置布置了聲發(fā)射信號監(jiān)測點,并借助波導桿傳播聲發(fā)射信號來監(jiān)測散體邊坡的破壞過程。試驗結果表明,散體邊坡的滑移破壞是循序漸進及能量累計的過程,即大規(guī)模破壞前,會出現(xiàn)多次小規(guī)模破壞,并且可將邊坡面出現(xiàn)大面積范圍廢石滾動的現(xiàn)象,作為大規(guī)�；破茐氖Х�(wěn)的前兆。(2)結合試驗過程現(xiàn)象及破壞規(guī)模的大小,將整個散體滑移破壞過程劃分為幾個階段,并就試驗全過程的聲發(fā)射信號相關參數(shù)進行了分析,結果表明,散體邊坡的聲發(fā)射活動伴隨著整個滑移破壞過程,各階段聲發(fā)射特征參數(shù)的變化可以在一定程度上揭示散體邊坡內部狀態(tài)的演化過程。(3)不同位置的聲發(fā)射特征參數(shù)存在顯著差異,其中處于坡底3#測點接收的聲發(fā)射信號最強,并且結合3個測點分析更能反映散體滑移破壞的情況。同時根據(jù)不同位置聲發(fā)射信號出現(xiàn)的時間先后,能夠預判出破壞發(fā)生的范圍,當所有監(jiān)測點都有聲發(fā)射信號并突然加強時,預示有大規(guī)�；破茐牡陌l(fā)生。(4)滑移破壞過程關聯(lián)維數(shù)D和r值的變化與散體內部狀態(tài)的演化密切相關,其中分形維數(shù)D值會在臨近滑移階段的附近出現(xiàn)最大值,并且之后會突然出現(xiàn)突降現(xiàn)象和臨近滑移破壞附近r值會出現(xiàn)“斷崖式”聚減的現(xiàn)象,都可作為散體邊坡失穩(wěn)破壞的前兆。(5)采用小波包頻帶能量分析方法,重點分析散體邊坡滑移破壞位置處的頻帶能量分布規(guī)律,得到了散體滑移破壞時,聲發(fā)射主頻主要位于15.6 kHz~77.1 kHz,相應的次頻主要位于77.1kHz~140.6 kHz。
[Abstract]:The waste rock and tailings discharged from the common dump of mine belong to the accumulation of loose media. The unstable slip of these deposits will cause serious safety accidents and bring incalculable losses to the country and society.It is of great value and significance to predict the instability precursor of dump and tailings.At present, the monitoring of the stability of dump and tailings is mainly to monitor the deformation and displacement of its surface and interior, which can not truly reflect the dislocation and slip between the particles in the loose body.Acoustic emission can reflect the failure mechanism inside the monitored object, and the sliding friction between loose media will produce acoustic emission when the dump and tailings are unstable, so it is possible to use acoustic emission to monitor the stability of dump and tailings reservoir.In this paper, an acoustic emission test of slip failure of a loose mass slope is carried out by constructing a model of a loose mass slope, which is one of the dumping sites of loose media.By combining the experimental study with the theoretical analysis, the acoustic emission signal characteristics of the slip failure process of loose body are studied. The following conclusions are obtained: 1) A set of model test device for the loose slope is designed.The slip surface is constructed to cause the slip failure of the slope. At the same time, the acoustic emission signal monitoring points are arranged at the top, the middle and the bottom of the slope, and the acoustic emission signal is transmitted by the waveguide rod to monitor the failure process of the bulk slope.The test results show that the slip failure of the slope is a gradual process and energy accumulation process, that is, before the large-scale destruction, there will be many small scale failure, and the slope surface can be rolled over a large area of waste rock.As a precursor of large-scale slip failure instability, combined with the phenomenon of experimental process and the size of failure scale, the whole slip failure process is divided into several stages, and the relevant parameters of acoustic emission signal in the whole test process are analyzed.The results show that the AE activity of the bulk slope is accompanied by the whole slip failure process.The variation of acoustic emission characteristic parameters in each stage can reveal to some extent the evolution process of the internal state of a loose slope. (3) there are significant differences in the acoustic emission characteristic parameters at different positions, among which the acoustic emission signal received at the measuring point at the bottom of the slope is the strongest.Combined with the analysis of three measuring points, the slip failure of the bulk can be better reflected.At the same time, according to the time sequence of acoustic emission signals at different locations, the scope of destruction can be pre-determined. When all monitoring points have acoustic emission signals and suddenly strengthen,The variation of correlation dimension D and r value in the process of slip failure is closely related to the evolution of the internal state of the bulk, and the fractal dimension D value will appear the maximum value near the slip stage.The phenomenon of sudden drop and the phenomenon of "precipitous" accumulation and reduction near the value of r near the slip failure will appear suddenly afterwards, which can be used as a precursor to the failure of a loose slope. (5) the method of wavelet packet frequency band energy analysis is used.The distribution of frequency band energy at the slip failure location of the slope is analyzed. The results show that the main frequency of acoustic emission is mainly located at 15.6 kHz~77.1 Hz, and the corresponding secondary frequency is mainly located at 77.1kHz~140.6 kHz.
【學位授予單位】：江西理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD854.7;TD926.4

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