本文選題：采煤塌陷 + 生態(tài)問題��； 參考：《干旱區(qū)資源與環(huán)境》2017年09期

【摘要】：通過野外定位觀測和室內分析,研究了神府煤田風沙區(qū)采煤塌陷1-2年后地表顆粒組成、土壤水分和植被群落的動態(tài)變化及引發(fā)的生態(tài)問題。結果表明:非塌陷區(qū)(對照)沙丘,地表顆粒組成以細砂和極細砂為主,占整個組成的63.76%,而采煤塌陷1-2年后,顆粒組成以粗砂和中砂為主,占整個組成的65%以上,呈現(xiàn)粗化現(xiàn)象,潛在可風蝕性程度加強;形成的塌陷裂縫和地表破損,增加了土壤蒸發(fā)面,導致土壤水分降低,和對照相比,地表層(0-20cm)范圍內的土壤水分流失量最大,達151%,中間層(30-70cm)流失139%,深層(70cm以下)流失101%,整個沙丘典型位置的累積土壤水分流失量達392%,且隨著剖面深度的增大而減小,直接加劇了沙質土壤的旱化;采煤塌陷引起的塌陷裂縫、地表破損、地表顆粒粗化以及土壤水分的流失等因素,促使植被大量死亡,植被的死亡率加大又直接反作用于塌陷地表,在風的作用下引發(fā)嚴重風蝕。
[Abstract]:Based on field observation and indoor analysis, the surface particle composition, dynamic changes of soil moisture and vegetation community and the ecological problems caused by coal mining collapse in wind-sand area of Shenfu coal field were studied in 1-2 years.The formation of collapsing cracks and surface damage increased the soil evaporation surface, resulting in the decrease of soil moisture, and the maximum soil water loss in the range of 0-20 cm compared with the control.Up to 151, intermediate layer 30-70 cm) loss 139, deep layer below 70 cm) loss 101, the accumulated soil moisture loss of the typical location of the whole sand dune reached 392and decreased with the depth of the profile, which directly aggravated the drought of sandy soil; the collapse cracks caused by mining coal collapse,Such factors as surface breakage, surface grain coarsening and soil moisture loss promote the death of vegetation, increase the mortality rate of vegetation and react directly to the collapse surface, and cause serious wind erosion under the action of wind.
【作者單位】： 陜西省陜北礦區(qū)生態(tài)修復重點實驗室;陜西省治沙研究所;榆林學院;
【基金】：國家自然科學基金(41661062) 陜西省科學技術研究發(fā)展計劃(2014KJXX-21) 陜西省教育廳專項科研計劃(16JK1894)資助
【分類號】：Q14;TD327

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