本文選題：全尾砂　切入點(diǎn)：安全　出處：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：礦山開采不僅給社會(huì)帶來了大量的礦產(chǎn)資源,同時(shí)也不可避免給當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境帶來了諸多的安全問題,如尾砂的堆積和采空區(qū)塌陷等。利用尾砂充填采空區(qū)可以改善地表的環(huán)境,又可以控制地壓?jiǎn)栴},利用尾砂處理采空區(qū)已經(jīng)是空區(qū)處理的首選。隨著井下開采的深度越來越大,空區(qū)越來越多,粗顆粒尾砂不足,加上人們對(duì)環(huán)境的要求越來越高,人們不得不利用全尾砂水力充填空區(qū),但全尾砂的粒度較細(xì),保水性好,致使全尾砂充填體脫水速度慢,造成空區(qū)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間存在著大量的積水,充填體的穩(wěn)定性較差,充填體難以結(jié)頂,空區(qū)頂板長(zhǎng)時(shí)間暴露等安全隱患。針對(duì)全尾砂充填體脫水速度慢的問題,目前,就加快充填體脫水速度的方法有脫水管、減水劑等,而大多數(shù)礦山采用成本更低的脫水管方法脫水,但礦山一般根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)來安設(shè),且隨意性很大,其脫水效果不佳且造成資源浪費(fèi)。影響脫水管脫水效率的因素主要是脫水管的安設(shè)間距和管徑。本文將以脫水管間距的安設(shè)以及脫水管管徑的選擇來展開討論：1、對(duì)某銅礦的全尾砂試樣的滲透系數(shù)、級(jí)配、密度等基本參數(shù)進(jìn)行測(cè)試分析,并對(duì)全尾砂的含水性以及影響充填體脫水的因素進(jìn)行分析。2、依據(jù)沉降理論,兩相流理論等在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上,建立細(xì)顆粒尾砂在充填體的水平孔隙內(nèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)模型,計(jì)算任意粒徑的顆粒在充填體孔隙內(nèi)移動(dòng)距離,根據(jù)計(jì)算結(jié)果選擇脫水管安設(shè)的間距；3、根據(jù)井流理論與滲流理論等,通過脫水管在充填體內(nèi)部脫水影響半徑,建立安設(shè)脫水管管徑的模型。4、為驗(yàn)證選擇脫水管安設(shè)間距和管徑的選擇方法的正確性,加快充填體脫水速度,提高礦山安全系數(shù),在室內(nèi)進(jìn)行模擬實(shí)驗(yàn),并選擇最佳的脫水管管徑、安設(shè)間距等參數(shù)。5、根據(jù)某盤區(qū)自身的特點(diǎn),利用Seep/W軟件,建立該盤區(qū)充填體脫水的數(shù)值計(jì)算模型,模擬分析采用不同的管間距、管徑時(shí),其脫水效果的變化規(guī)律,并選出最佳的脫水管安設(shè)管間距和管徑。
[Abstract]:Mining not only brings a lot of mineral resources to the society, but also inevitably brings a lot of safety problems to the local environment, such as the accumulation of tailings and the collapse of goaf.The surface environment can be improved and the ground pressure can be controlled by filling goaf with tailings. It is the first choice to treat goaf with tailings.With the increasing depth of underground mining, more and more empty areas, the shortage of coarse grain tailings, and the higher and higher requirements of the environment, people have to use the whole tailings to fill the empty areas, but the size of the whole tailings is finer and the water retention is good.As a result, the dehydration speed of the whole tailings filling body is slow, a large amount of water exists in the empty area for a long time, the stability of the filling body is poor, the filling body is difficult to form the top, the roof of the empty area is exposed for a long time, and so on.In view of the problem of slow dehydration rate of the whole tailings filling body, at present, the methods to speed up the dehydration rate of the filling body include dehydration pipe, water reducer and so on. However, most mines adopt the lower cost dehydration pipe method, but the mines are usually designed according to experience.And the randomness is very big, its dehydration effect is not good and causes the resources waste.The main factors affecting the dehydration efficiency are the spacing and diameter of the dehydrated tube.In this paper, the basic parameters such as permeability coefficient, gradation and density of the whole tailings of a copper mine are measured and analyzed by setting the distance between the dehydrated pipes and selecting the diameter of the dehydrated pipes.According to the settlement theory and two-phase flow theory, the movement model of fine tailing sand in horizontal pore is established based on the settlement theory, two-phase flow theory and so on, based on the analysis of the water content of the whole tailings and the factors affecting the dehydration of the filling body.The movement distance of particles of arbitrary diameter in the pore of the filling body is calculated. According to the calculation results, the spacing of the dehydration pipe is selected. According to the well flow theory and the seepage theory, the radius of dehydration is affected by the dehydration pipe in the filling body.In order to verify the correctness of the selection method for the selection of the spacing and diameter of the dehydrated pipe, to speed up the dehydration rate of the filling body and to improve the safety factor of the mine, the model .4is established for the installation of the dehydrated pipe diameter. The simulation experiments are carried out indoors.The optimum parameters, such as pipe diameter and installation spacing, are selected. According to the characteristics of a certain disc, a numerical calculation model for the dehydration of the backfill in the disc is established by using Seep/W software. The different pipe spacing and diameter are used to simulate the model.The optimum spacing and diameter of the dehydrated pipe are selected.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TD853.34

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