本文選題：無(wú)機(jī)礦物聚合物　切入點(diǎn)：尾礦　出處：《東北大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：在我國(guó),95%的能源和85%的原材料來(lái)自礦產(chǎn)資源,礦產(chǎn)資源在開(kāi)發(fā)利用的同時(shí),會(huì)產(chǎn)生一系列的環(huán)境問(wèn)題。其中,尾礦作為一種重要的礦業(yè)固體廢棄物,同時(shí)也是一種重要的原材料資源。在礦產(chǎn)資源開(kāi)發(fā)的過(guò)程當(dāng)中丟棄了大量尾礦,在造成環(huán)境污染的同時(shí)也使尾礦中可以被利用的組分被丟棄,造成了資源的浪費(fèi)。因此,針對(duì)尾礦綜合利用開(kāi)展試驗(yàn)研究工作對(duì)于解決環(huán)境問(wèn)題和資源浪費(fèi)問(wèn)題有著重大的意義。無(wú)機(jī)礦物聚合物材料是近些年來(lái)無(wú)機(jī)材料領(lǐng)域的研究熱點(diǎn),因?yàn)檫@種礦物聚合材料具有優(yōu)異的物理化學(xué)性能,制備過(guò)程中能耗低,原料廣泛,易于加工,因此受到學(xué)者們的廣泛關(guān)注。本試驗(yàn)以取自內(nèi)蒙古白云鄂博的鐵礦尾礦和來(lái)自福建金東礦業(yè)公司的鉛鋅尾礦作為原料,進(jìn)行新型無(wú)機(jī)礦物聚合材料的制備及機(jī)理研究。首先,對(duì)尾礦進(jìn)行了化學(xué)組成、物相分析以及微觀形貌的分析,雖然尾礦中含有一定的硅鋁質(zhì),但是活性并不高,因此要采取一定的活化措施進(jìn)行處理,以使有用的組分在堿激發(fā)反應(yīng)的過(guò)程中可以被有效利用。通過(guò)大量試驗(yàn),選取加堿煅燒的活化方式對(duì)尾礦進(jìn)行處理,通過(guò)X射線衍射、紅外光譜以及掃描電鏡對(duì)活化處理前后的尾礦進(jìn)行分析。然后,通過(guò)正交試驗(yàn)和單因素試驗(yàn)分析尾礦制備無(wú)機(jī)礦物聚合材料的試驗(yàn)因素及水平,并對(duì)其性質(zhì)進(jìn)行研究,對(duì)比分析了由兩種尾礦制備的材料的各項(xiàng)差異。最后,重點(diǎn)研究了發(fā)泡無(wú)機(jī)礦物聚合材料的制備及性能。通過(guò)以上的試驗(yàn)得出以下主要結(jié)論：(1)加堿煅燒活化確實(shí)能提高尾礦的活性,活化后的尾礦制備的無(wú)機(jī)礦物聚合材料試塊的抗壓強(qiáng)度更大,提高了材料的各項(xiàng)性能指標(biāo)。(2)以抗壓強(qiáng)度為考察標(biāo)準(zhǔn),各影響因素對(duì)無(wú)機(jī)礦物聚合物材料影響由強(qiáng)到弱的順序是：尾礦占固體粉料的比例液固比堿激發(fā)劑模數(shù)水玻璃摻量(以Na2O計(jì))。(3)各單因素的最佳值分別為：尾礦摻量均為20%,水玻璃模數(shù)為1.2,水玻璃摻量(以Na20計(jì))為5%,液固比為0.55。 (4)將由尾礦制備的無(wú)機(jī)礦物聚合材料和由普通硅酸鹽水泥制備的試塊性質(zhì)進(jìn)行了對(duì)比試驗(yàn)分析。結(jié)果表明：在力學(xué)性能、抗凍融循環(huán)性能、耐酸性、堿集料反應(yīng)以及耐高溫性方面,尾礦制備的無(wú)機(jī)礦物聚合物材料表現(xiàn)優(yōu)于普通硅酸鹽水泥。(5)通過(guò)大量的基礎(chǔ)試驗(yàn),選取雙氧水和硬脂酸作為制備發(fā)泡材料的發(fā)泡劑和穩(wěn)泡劑,結(jié)果表明：雙氧水最佳摻量為0.5%,硬脂酸的最佳摻量為1%。(6)制備的發(fā)泡制品的導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)分別達(dá)到了0.0511w/(m·k)和0.0524 w/(m·k)。本論文的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)是：(1)將鐵礦尾礦與鉛鋅尾礦作為原材料制備無(wú)機(jī)礦物聚合物,有效實(shí)現(xiàn)了礦產(chǎn)資源的綜合利用。(2)無(wú)機(jī)礦物聚合物的聚合機(jī)理更加深入的解析。(3)將發(fā)泡材料與無(wú)機(jī)礦物聚合物材料的制備結(jié)合起來(lái)。通過(guò)以上的研究結(jié)果表明,這兩種選礦尾礦是可以被用來(lái)制備無(wú)機(jī)礦物聚合材料的,并且通過(guò)控制試驗(yàn)的因素可以取得性能相對(duì)優(yōu)良的產(chǎn)品。尾礦的再利用與無(wú)機(jī)礦物聚合材料優(yōu)異性能的結(jié)合不僅解決了環(huán)境污染和資源浪費(fèi)的問(wèn)題,也拓寬了無(wú)機(jī)礦物聚合材料原料的使用途徑,實(shí)現(xiàn)了廢料的利用。Utilization of iron tailings and lead-zinc tailings for the preparation of geopolymer
[Abstract]:In China, 95% of the raw materials and 85% energy sources from mineral resources, mineral resources development and utilization in at the same time, will produce a series of environmental problems. Among them, the tailings as a kind of important mining solid wastes, but also an important raw material resources. In the process of the development of mineral resources in a large number of discarded in the tailings, causing environmental pollution but also the tailings can be used were discarded, resulting in a waste of resources. Therefore, the comprehensive utilization of tailings research to solve environmental problems and resource waste is of great significance. Geopolymer is a hot research field of inorganic materials in recent years because of this, mineral polymer material has excellent physical and chemical properties, preparation of low energy consumption, in the process of a wide range of raw materials, easy processing, so it has received extensive attention of scholars. This test In order to test the iron ore tailings from Inner Mongolia Baiyunebo and Fujian Jindong mineral company from lead-zinc tailings as raw material, study mechanism and preparation of new inorganic mineral polymer material. Firstly, the chemical composition of the tailings, phase analysis and morphology analysis, although the tailings containing silicon and aluminum to some extent, but the activity is not high. So we should take some measures to activation treatment, in order to make a useful component in the process of alkali reaction can be effectively utilized. Through a lot of experiments, activation of selected alkali calcination treatment of tailings, tailings by X ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy of activation before and after treatment were analyzed. Then, analysis and experimental factors during the preparation of inorganic polymeric materials by orthogonal test and single factor test, and to study their properties, comparative analysis By two kinds of tailings of materials prepared by the difference. Finally, focus on the preparation and properties of foamed inorganic mineral polymer. Through the above test draws the following conclusions: (1) calcining with alkali tailings can improve the activity during the preparation of inorganic mineral materials were activated after polymerization the compressive strength of the block is larger, improve the performances of the material. (2) the compressive strength of the standard for the study, the influence factors of geopolymer from strong to weak is: tailings accounted for solid powder ratio of liquid to solid ratio alkali excitation agent modulus of water glass content (by Na2O meter). (3) the optimal value of each single factor respectively: tailings dosage was 20%, the modulus of water glass is 1.2, the dosage of sodium silicate (Na20) was 5%, the ratio of liquid to solid 0.55. (4) from the tailings prepared geopolymer and ordinary portland cement preparation The test block properties are analyzed in comparison. The results showed that: in the mechanical properties, freeze-thaw resistance, acid resistance, alkali aggregate reaction and high temperature resistance, geopolymer is better than the performance of Portland cement tailings preparation. (5) through the basic experiments, selection of hydrogen peroxide and stearic acid as system preparation of foam foaming agent and foam stabilizing agent, the results show that the optimum dosage of hydrogen peroxide is 0.5%, the best dosage of stearic acid was 1%. (6) thermal conductivity of foam products prepared respectively reached 0.0511w/ (M - K) and 0.0524 w/ (M - K). The innovation of this paper is: (1) the iron ore tailings and tailings as raw materials to prepare geopolymer, effectively realize the comprehensive utilization of mineral resources. (2) the polymerization mechanism of geopolymer more in-depth interpretation. (3) the foaming material and inorganic mineral polymer materials Preparation of combined. Through the above research results show that these two kinds of tailings can be used for the preparation of inorganic mineral polymeric material, and through the test control factors can obtain better performance products. Tailings re-use combined with inorganic mineral polymer materials with excellent performance not only solve the environmental pollution and waste of resources the problem, but also broaden the ways of using inorganic mineral polymer materials, to achieve the use of.Utilization of iron tailings and lead-zinc material tailings for the preparation of Geopolymer

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TQ317;TD926.4

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