本文選題：貴州施秉　切入點：區(qū)域地質(zhì)　出處：《成都理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：遙感技術(shù)作為一項現(xiàn)代化信息技術(shù),在地質(zhì)領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用中一直具有不可代替的重要作用。遙感圖像具有宏觀性、直觀性、準確性等一系列特點,因此,在地層巖性辯別、構(gòu)造單元解析、侵入體單元劃分及新生界形成原因的分析等方面具有其獨特的優(yōu)勢。近幾十年來,遙感技術(shù)在獲取地質(zhì)信息(地層巖性識別、地質(zhì)構(gòu)造解譯以及礦化蝕變信息提取等)技術(shù)方面得到長足發(fā)展。特別針對位置偏遠、自然環(huán)境條件惡劣、已有地質(zhì)資料少的的地區(qū),遙感技術(shù)能夠提供合理的工作部署,減少野外調(diào)查路線長度,準確提取地層巖性、地質(zhì)構(gòu)造等地質(zhì)現(xiàn)象,同時能夠降低工作強度,縮短工作周期,節(jié)省一定的人力、物力和財力。研究區(qū)位于貴州省施秉地區(qū),該區(qū)域地質(zhì)條件復(fù)雜、植被覆蓋好、道路不暢、溝谷切割較深、巖石出露少、野外調(diào)查路線受阻、視野受限,前人未開展深入的工作。因此,本文選取該區(qū)域作為研究區(qū),利用遙感技術(shù),對其進行遙感地質(zhì)解譯,主要包括地層解譯和地質(zhì)構(gòu)造解譯,并針對解譯結(jié)果開展構(gòu)造特征解析。本文取得的主要研究成果與認識如下:(1)獲取研究區(qū)ETM+和SPOT6影像,開展遙感影像預(yù)處理,主要包括幾何校正、影像融合、影像增強、影像裁剪等方面研究處理,制作了研究區(qū)正射影像圖。(2)對研究區(qū)地層、構(gòu)造進行解譯,確定了地層巖性、構(gòu)造解譯標志,完成研究區(qū)19個地層單元和區(qū)內(nèi)主要構(gòu)造的遙感解譯,編制了遙感地質(zhì)解譯圖和構(gòu)造解譯專題圖。(3)依據(jù)遙感地質(zhì)解譯成果分析可知,研究區(qū)經(jīng)歷多期構(gòu)造運動,不同時期、不同型式、不同序次的斷層構(gòu)造相互復(fù)合,聯(lián)合及切割。區(qū)內(nèi)主要發(fā)育斷裂構(gòu)造,從發(fā)育方向上分為三組,一是北東向,二是東西向,三是北西向。根據(jù)三者影像組合形態(tài)及本區(qū)斷裂發(fā)育規(guī)律,三組斷裂構(gòu)造可以分為兩個時期形成,東西向節(jié)理與東西向斷層為一時期,北東向和北西向節(jié)理與北東向北西向斷層為同一時期。研究區(qū)北部白垛鄉(xiāng)以南、上翁哨村以北節(jié)理分布最為密集,且呈東西條帶狀,而在該區(qū)域內(nèi)有鉀鎂煌斑巖及類似巖體呈條帶狀出露。因此表明,煌斑巖與東西向構(gòu)造關(guān)系密切。研究區(qū)內(nèi)褶皺與環(huán)形構(gòu)造均出露較少,褶皺翼部受到斷層切割而形態(tài)不完整,環(huán)形構(gòu)造部分成因可能與斷裂之間夾塊有關(guān),部分環(huán)形構(gòu)造成因性質(zhì)不明。(4)本次研究通過遙感一構(gòu)造綜合分析的實踐,基本厘清了研究區(qū)的構(gòu)造演化序列,對研究區(qū)內(nèi)不同尺度、類型以及層次的地質(zhì)構(gòu)造信息進行了有效提取,充分證明遙感技術(shù)綜合應(yīng)用于復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)造區(qū)信息的客觀提取,具有突出的優(yōu)越性和廣闊的前景。本研究為工作區(qū)內(nèi)進一步區(qū)域地質(zhì)工作提供了有力依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:As a modern information technology, remote sensing technology has always played an irreplaceable role in geological application.Remote sensing images have a series of characteristics, such as macroscopical, intuitive and accurate. Therefore, remote sensing images have unique advantages in lithologic differentiation of strata, analysis of tectonic units, division of intrusive units and analysis of the causes of formation of the Cenozoic.In recent decades, remote sensing technology has made great progress in obtaining geological information (stratigraphic lithology identification, geological structure interpretation and mineralization and alteration information extraction) technology.Especially in areas where the location is remote, the natural environment is poor and there is little geological data, remote sensing technology can provide reasonable work arrangements, reduce the length of field investigation routes, accurately extract geological phenomena such as stratigraphic lithology, geological structure, etc.At the same time can reduce the intensity of work, shorten the work cycle, save a certain amount of manpower, material and financial resources.The study area is located in Shibing area of Guizhou Province. The geological conditions of the region are complex, vegetation cover is good, roads are not smooth, deep cut of valley, little rock outcrop, field investigation route is blocked, field of vision is limited, and predecessors have not carried out deep work.Therefore, this paper selects this area as the research area, and uses remote sensing technology to interpret the geological remote sensing, mainly including stratigraphic interpretation and geological structure interpretation, and carries out structural characteristics analysis in view of the interpretation results.The main research achievements and understandings in this paper are as follows: (1) obtaining ETM and SPOT6 images in the research area, developing remote sensing image preprocessing, mainly including geometric correction, image fusion, image enhancement, image clipping, and so on.A orthophoto image map of the study area is made.) the strata and structures in the study area are interpreted, the stratigraphic lithology and structural interpretation marks are determined, and the remote sensing interpretation of 19 stratigraphic units and major structures in the study area is completed.Based on the analysis of the results of remote sensing geological interpretation, we can see that the study area has experienced multiple tectonic movements, different periods, different types and different order fault structures have been combined, combined and cut with each other.The main fault structures in the area are divided into three groups, one is NE, the other is EW, and the other is NW.According to the combination of the three images and the law of fault development in this area, the three sets of fault structures can be divided into two periods: the east-west joint and the east-west fault, and the NE and NW-trending joints are the same period as the NNE-trending faults.In the northern part of the study area, to the south of Bedong Township, the joints in the north of Shangwengzuo Village are most densely distributed, and they are east-west banded, while in this area there are potassium and magnesium lamprophyres and similar rock bodies showing in striped form.Therefore, lamprophyre is closely related to the east-west trending tectonics.In the study area, there are few folds and annular structures, and the fold wing is cut by fault and the shape is incomplete. The origin of the annular structure may be related to the interlocking blocks between the faults.Based on the practice of comprehensive analysis of remote-sensing and tectonics, the tectonic evolution sequence of the study area is basically clarified. For the different scales of the study area,The types and levels of geological structure information are extracted effectively, which fully proves that remote sensing technology has outstanding advantages and broad prospects for the objective extraction of information in complex structural areas.This study provides a strong basis for further regional geological work in the work area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P627

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