發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-19 02:01

  本文選題：盤(pán)式制動(dòng)器　切入點(diǎn)：摩擦特性　出處：《太原理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：帶式輸送機(jī)具有運(yùn)行平穩(wěn)、連續(xù)性以及抗干擾性強(qiáng)等特點(diǎn),是顆粒及塊狀物料的理想運(yùn)輸設(shè)備。目前帶式輸送機(jī)已經(jīng)朝著長(zhǎng)距離、高速、重載方向發(fā)展,為了滿(mǎn)足煤炭的安全運(yùn)輸,這就對(duì)其制動(dòng)性能提出了更高的要求。盤(pán)式制動(dòng)器具有散熱性能好、穩(wěn)定性高、制動(dòng)力矩大及結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊等優(yōu)點(diǎn),很好地滿(mǎn)足了帶式輸送機(jī)的工作要求。在制動(dòng)過(guò)程中,經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)熱衰退、熱裂紋以及材料磨損等問(wèn)題,嚴(yán)重制約著盤(pán)式制動(dòng)器的工作性能。因此,有必要對(duì)摩擦副接觸表面的摩擦特性以及熱力耦合行為進(jìn)行分析。本文首先在熱分析理論的基礎(chǔ)上,建立了有限元模型。通過(guò)摩擦磨損試驗(yàn),選取不同制動(dòng)壓力和制動(dòng)速度,在干摩擦和水潤(rùn)滑條件下分別對(duì)樹(shù)脂基摩擦片和銅基摩擦片的摩擦磨損變化規(guī)律進(jìn)行測(cè)試。結(jié)合表面微觀形貌分析可知,銅基摩擦片的摩擦穩(wěn)定性比較好,耐磨性強(qiáng)。利用ABAQUS計(jì)算出制動(dòng)盤(pán)表面的溫度、熱變形和熱應(yīng)力特性曲線(xiàn),從軸向、徑向和周向?qū)χ苿?dòng)盤(pán)進(jìn)行三維瞬態(tài)熱力耦合分析。隨著制動(dòng)壓力和制動(dòng)速度的增加,熱變形逐漸增加,溫度特性曲線(xiàn)和應(yīng)力特性曲線(xiàn)近似直線(xiàn)上升。而制動(dòng)壓力為35MPa對(duì)應(yīng)的溫度是環(huán)境溫度的4.8倍,對(duì)應(yīng)的熱應(yīng)力是制動(dòng)壓力的5.6倍。熱變形是由摩擦熱引起的,溫升較低時(shí),熱變形變化不明顯。而在2s—4s內(nèi),熱變形近似直線(xiàn)增加。通過(guò)應(yīng)力場(chǎng)和溫度場(chǎng)的云圖分布可知,接觸處的溫度和應(yīng)力比較大,并向兩側(cè)非接觸區(qū)域減小,結(jié)合最大溫度和最大應(yīng)力的動(dòng)態(tài)特性曲線(xiàn),發(fā)現(xiàn)溫度和應(yīng)力變化趨勢(shì)基本一致,說(shuō)明溫度場(chǎng)和應(yīng)力場(chǎng)是相互耦合的。根據(jù)不同運(yùn)行工況下的系統(tǒng)試驗(yàn),發(fā)現(xiàn)制動(dòng)盤(pán)轉(zhuǎn)速為3r/s時(shí),在系統(tǒng)壓力從6MPa減小過(guò)程中,所需的制動(dòng)時(shí)間大約為16s。利用制動(dòng)盤(pán)摩擦進(jìn)出口的溫度測(cè)試結(jié)果與仿真溫度對(duì)比,發(fā)現(xiàn)兩者之間的溫差在5%以?xún)?nèi),說(shuō)明盤(pán)式制動(dòng)器的簡(jiǎn)化模型在理論上是可行的。
[Abstract]:Belt conveyor has the characteristics of smooth operation, continuity and strong anti-interference. It is an ideal transportation equipment for grain and block material. At present, belt conveyor has been developed towards long distance, high speed and heavy load. In order to meet the safety of coal transportation, it puts forward higher requirements for its braking performance. Disc brake has the advantages of good heat dissipation, high stability, large braking torque and compact structure, etc. It meets the requirements of belt conveyer very well. During the braking process, there are many problems such as heat decay, hot crack and material wear, which seriously restrict the working performance of disc brake. It is necessary to analyze the friction characteristics and thermo-mechanical coupling behavior of the contact surface of the friction pair. Firstly, based on the thermal analysis theory, a finite element model is established. Through friction and wear tests, different braking pressures and braking speeds are selected. The friction and wear characteristics of resin based friction sheet and copper base friction sheet were tested under dry friction and water lubricating conditions respectively. The friction stability of copper based friction sheet was better than that of copper based friction sheet, according to the analysis of surface morphology. The characteristic curves of temperature, thermal deformation and thermal stress on the surface of brake disc are calculated by ABAQUS, and the three dimensional transient thermodynamic coupling analysis of brake disc is carried out from axial, radial and circumferential directions. With the increase of braking pressure and braking speed, The thermal deformation increases gradually, the temperature characteristic curve and the stress characteristic curve rise approximately straight line, and the temperature corresponding to 35 MPA is 4.8 times that of the ambient temperature, and the corresponding thermal stress is 5.6 times of the braking pressure. The thermal deformation is caused by friction heat. When the temperature rise is low, the change of thermal deformation is not obvious, but in 2s-4s, the thermal deformation increases approximately in a straight line. According to the distribution of the cloud diagram of stress field and temperature field, the temperature and stress at the contact point are relatively large and decrease to the non-contact region on both sides. Combined with the dynamic characteristic curve of maximum temperature and maximum stress, it is found that the variation trend of temperature and stress is basically the same, which shows that the temperature field and stress field are coupled with each other. According to the system test under different operating conditions, it is found that when the speed of brake disc is 3 r / s, When the pressure of the system decreases from 6 MPA to 6 MPA, the braking time is about 16 s. By comparing the temperature test results of friction inlet and outlet of brake disc with the simulation temperature, it is found that the temperature difference between the two is less than 5%. The simplified model of disc brake is feasible in theory.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TD528.1

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