本文選題：褐煤　切入點(diǎn)：脫水方式　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：我國(guó)褐煤資源豐富,主要分布在內(nèi)蒙古、東北、云南等地區(qū),多為干旱缺水地區(qū)。褐煤的高水分含量(20%-50%)使得燃燒前必須進(jìn)行脫水提質(zhì)。本文將褐煤提質(zhì)過(guò)程中脫除的水分加以收集,通過(guò)水質(zhì)檢測(cè)與凈化,將褐煤冷凝水處理成為可回收的二次工業(yè)水,以便減少電廠用水量,緩解當(dāng)?shù)赜盟畨毫Α?本文采用蒸發(fā)、微波及水熱三種脫水方式對(duì)褐煤進(jìn)行脫水改性并回收所脫水分。分別進(jìn)行了煤質(zhì)分析、水分檢測(cè)、凈化回收等試驗(yàn),比較三種脫水方法的脫水效率、褐煤改性程度、冷凝水污染程度、冷凝水凈化難易等方面,以期找到最佳處理方法,為褐煤冷凝水凈化回收的工業(yè)應(yīng)用提供可行性參考。 通過(guò)對(duì)改性前后煤樣的煤質(zhì)組成、微觀形貌、孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)等微觀理化性質(zhì)進(jìn)行研究分析,可知三種脫水方式都能不同程度地脫除褐煤水分,且脫水效率隨工況溫度／功率增加而增加,改性煤能量密度增加,煤階升高,孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)有所發(fā)展。綜合脫水效率與煤質(zhì)改性程度可知,微波和水熱兩種改性方法遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)優(yōu)于蒸發(fā)改性方法,更適于作為褐煤改性及水分回收方式。 通過(guò)檢測(cè)水分的化學(xué)需氧量、氨氮、總磷、硬度、離子、有機(jī)化合物等指標(biāo),對(duì)褐煤冷凝水進(jìn)行水質(zhì)分析,結(jié)果表明三種處理方式下褐煤冷凝水的成分含量相差甚遠(yuǎn),蒸發(fā)水和微波水較接近工業(yè)用水標(biāo)準(zhǔn),利于凈化回收,水熱水各項(xiàng)水質(zhì)指標(biāo)均大大超出標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范圍,且在250℃工況下雜質(zhì)含量達(dá)到最大。另外,三種冷凝水中均檢測(cè)到微量有毒金屬元素、有毒致癌的多環(huán)芳烴及酚類化合物,這將成為后續(xù)研究工作的重點(diǎn)。 對(duì)水熱冷凝水進(jìn)行絮凝沉淀-過(guò)濾凈化試驗(yàn),分別采用聚合氯化鋁(PAC)、聚合氯化鋁鐵(PAFC)、聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)三種絮凝劑,通過(guò)絮凝劑粗化試驗(yàn)、細(xì)化實(shí)驗(yàn)和pH調(diào)節(jié)實(shí)驗(yàn)確定了三種絮凝劑的最佳絮凝條件。由實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果可知,PAC和PAFC兩種絮凝劑絮凝效果相近,絮凝劑用量多,絮體沉降速度較慢,未能形成固狀礬花,絮凝時(shí)間長(zhǎng),含水量大；PAM絮凝過(guò)程中絮凝劑用量少,礬花生成速度快,呈絮體固狀物,較密實(shí),細(xì)碎絮體少,有利于礬花與水分離。因此,綜合凈化效率與經(jīng)濟(jì)性,PAM絮凝效果優(yōu)于PAC及PAFC。 對(duì)絮凝后水熱出水和蒸發(fā)、微波原水進(jìn)行活性炭吸附實(shí)驗(yàn),可知活性炭投加量、吸附時(shí)間及水體pH值為影響活性炭吸附的重要因素,由實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果可得：三種混合水的最佳吸附時(shí)間均為60min,最適宜酸堿環(huán)境為弱酸性,水熱水最佳活性炭投加量為500g/L,微波、蒸發(fā)水最佳活性炭投加量為50g/L即水熱凈化成本最高。 三種活性炭出水通過(guò)超濾膜過(guò)濾進(jìn)行深度處理,處理后三種終水雜質(zhì)含量相近,有機(jī)物含量大幅減少,陰陽(yáng)離子種類與含量較初水變化不大,COD、NH3-N、TP、濁度等水質(zhì)指標(biāo)都已降低至標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范圍,因此經(jīng)過(guò)絮凝沉淀-過(guò)濾、活性炭吸附、超濾膜過(guò)濾的一系列凈化處理,蒸發(fā)、微波、水熱三種冷凝水水質(zhì)指標(biāo)均達(dá)到工業(yè)二次用水水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
[Abstract]:China's rich lignite resources, mainly in Inner Mongolia, Northeast China, Yunnan and other regions, mostly arid regions. The high water content of lignite (20%-50%) which must be dehydrated before burning. The quality and process of water removal of lignite quality collected, through the water quality detection and purification, will become the two lignite condensed water treatment industrial water Recyclable, in order to reduce the power consumption, alleviate local water pressure.
This paper uses evaporation, dehydration and recovery of the modified water removal of Lignite by microwave and hydrothermal dewatering. Three were coal quality analysis, moisture detection, purification and recovery tests, the dehydration efficiency comparison of three kinds of dehydration method, modified lignite, condensed water pollution degree, condensed water purification difficulty hand, in order to find the best treatment method, in order to provide a reference for industrial application of lignite condensate purification recovery.
In order to improve coal quality of coal samples, before and after the research and analysis of micro morphology, physicochemical properties of pore structure, the three dehydration methods can remove lignite moisture in different degrees, and the dewatering efficiency with temperature / power increases, the modified coal energy density increase, coal rank increasing pore the structure has the development. Comprehensive dewatering efficiency and coal quality modification degree of the two kinds of microwave and hydrothermal modification method is much better than that of evaporation modification method, more suitable for lignite modification and water recycling.
Through the detection of chemical oxygen water, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, hardness, ion, organic compounds and other indicators, analysis of water quality for lignite condensate, results show that the content of lignite condensate under three treatments far, evaporation of water and microwave water is close to the standard of industrial water, water purification and recovery for the hot water. Water quality indicators are far beyond the standard range, and at 250 DEG C under the condition of impurity content reached the maximum. In addition, three kinds of condensed water were detected in trace toxic metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and phenolic compounds are toxic carcinogens, which will become the focus of future research work.
Flocculation, filtration and purification test on the water and heat condensate, respectively using polyaluminum chloride (PAC), polyaluminum ferric chloride (PAFC), polyacrylamide (PAM) of three kinds of flocculant, flocculant by coarsening experiment, refining experiment and pH control experiments to determine the optimum flocculation conditions of three kinds of flocculant by the experimental results. Effect of two kinds of coagulants, PAC and PAFC were similar, flocculant dosage, floc settling velocity is slow, failed to form a solid alum, flocculation time, water; less dosage of flocculant PAM process, alum generation speed, a floc solid, relatively compact, fine flocs less conducive to the separation of alum flowers and water. Therefore, the comprehensive purification efficiency and economy, the flocculation effect is better than that of PAC and PAFC. PAM
After flocculating hydrothermal water and raw water evaporation, microwave activated carbon adsorption experiment showed that activated carbon dosage, adsorption time and pH value of water is an important factor affecting the adsorption of activated carbon, according to the experimental results: the best adsorption time of three kinds of mixed water were 60min, the most suitable pH environment is weak acidic water, hot water the best activated carbon dosage was 500g/L, microwave, water evaporation optimum activated carbon dosage of 50g/L hot water purification cost is the highest.
Three kinds of activated carbon effluent through ultrafiltration membrane for treatment, after the treatment of three kinds of final water content of impurities is similar to that of the organic matter content is greatly reduced, the kinds and contents of ions than the original water changed little, COD, NH3-N, TP, turbidity and other water quality indicators have been reduced to the standard range, so after flocculation and filtration. Activated carbon adsorption, ultrafiltration membrane, a series of purification, evaporation, microwave, hot water of three water quality indicators have reached two times of industrial water quality standards.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TD849.2;X752

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本文編號(hào)：1631472