本文選題：方鉛礦　切入點：浮選　出處：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：含銀方鉛礦是典型的一種貴金屬和有色金屬共伴生的資源,其綜合回收對選冶工藝技術(shù)有著更高的要求。本論文研究了含銀方鉛礦單礦物的浮選行為,考察了方鉛礦浮選的主要影響因素,在確定的最佳試驗條件下開展人工合成含銀方鉛礦的浮選試驗,并與天然含銀方鉛礦的浮選試驗對比,分析銀含量對方鉛礦浮選的影響,最后通過動電位測定、藥劑吸附量測定及礦物表面接觸角測量等技術(shù)手段進行相關(guān)機理探討,主要試驗研究結(jié)果如下:含銀方鉛礦浮選行為與礦漿pH值、pH調(diào)整劑、抑制劑及捕收劑等關(guān)系密切,在常溫條件下、pH為9.0的弱堿性環(huán)境中方鉛礦浮選效果最好,使用石灰調(diào)漿比氫氧化鈉和碳酸鈉更利于方鉛礦浮選,加入適量的強堿弱酸鹽亞硫酸鈉對方鉛礦浮選有促進作用。與其他捕收劑相比,乙硫氮對方鉛礦表現(xiàn)出更強的捕收能力。在pH值約為9.0、乙硫氮濃度為80mg/L時方鉛礦上浮率最高。在條件一致的環(huán)境中,銀含量越高的天然或合成方鉛礦表現(xiàn)出的可浮性越好,獲得的回收率越高。在相同浮選條件下,含銀量基本相同的天然與合成方鉛礦的浮選回收率差距明顯,天然方鉛礦的浮選回收率是合成方鉛礦的2倍以上。銀對合成方鉛礦浮選行為的影響與其對天然方鉛礦的影響基本相似,即銀能提高方鉛礦浮選效果,且含銀量愈高提高效果愈明顯。Zeta電位測定、吸附量測定和接觸角測量結(jié)果表明,在弱堿性條件下,使用石灰作為pH調(diào)整劑,乙硫氮為捕收劑時,方鉛礦表面荷正電量最多、捕收劑吸附量最多,表面接觸角最大,疏水性最好,浮選指標最高,這些結(jié)果驗證了單礦物浮選行為試驗。各項分析測試及機理分析結(jié)果表明,石灰中Ca2+離子能在液-氣界面形成微細膠粒粘附于氣泡表面或是礦粒與氣泡之間,擠壓水分子,促使礦粒與氣泡間的水化膜破裂,從而使礦粒與氣泡吸附更加穩(wěn)定,更利于礦粒隨氣泡上浮。在方鉛礦-乙硫氮-水體系中添加亞硫酸鈉后,礦漿pH值升高,從而抑制方鉛礦表面發(fā)生自身氧化反應(yīng),抑制S2032-生成,增大方鉛礦表面疏水性,使其可浮性變好,更利于捕收劑吸附浮選。乙硫氮與銀作用形成的金屬絡(luò)合物更難溶,對銀的捕收能力強于對方鉛礦的捕收能力,其優(yōu)先與銀作用形成疏水性薄膜吸附在方鉛礦表面,增大方鉛礦表面疏水性和增強捕收劑吸附穩(wěn)定性,促進方鉛礦浮選富集,且銀含量愈高這種作用愈明顯。
[Abstract]:Galena containing silver is a typical associated resource of precious metals and nonferrous metals, and its comprehensive recovery has higher requirements for processing and smelting technology. The flotation behavior of galena single minerals containing silver is studied in this paper. The main influencing factors of galena flotation were investigated. The flotation experiments of synthetic galena containing galena were carried out under the optimum test conditions, and compared with those of natural galena containing galena, the effect of silver content on galena flotation was analyzed. Finally, the related mechanism is discussed by means of potentiodynamic determination, reagent adsorption measurement and mineral surface contact angle measurement. The main experimental results are as follows: flotation behavior of galena containing silver and pH value of pulp pH adjuster. The effect of galena flotation is the best in the weak alkaline environment with pH 9.0 at room temperature. Lime modified pulp is better than sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate in galena flotation. The addition of appropriate amount of strong alkali and weak acid sodium sulfite can promote the flotation of galena. The flotation rate of galena is the highest when pH value is about 9.0 and the concentration of ethionitrogen is 80 mg / L. the floatability of natural or synthetic galena with higher silver content is better than that of natural or synthetic galena with higher silver content in the environment with the same conditions. Under the same flotation conditions, the difference between the flotation recovery of natural galena with the same silver content and that of synthetic galena is obvious. The flotation recovery of natural galena is more than twice that of synthetic galena. The effect of silver on the flotation behavior of synthetic galena is similar to that on natural galena, that is, silver can improve the flotation effect of galena. The results of adsorption measurement and contact angle measurement showed that when lime was used as pH adjuster and ethylthionium was used as collector, the positive charge on galena surface was the most. The collector has the highest adsorption amount, the largest surface contact angle, the best hydrophobicity and the highest flotation index. These results verify the flotation behavior of single mineral. The Ca2 ion in lime can form fine colloidal particles at the liquid-gas interface to adhere to the surface of the bubble or between the ore particles and the bubbles, thus squeezing the water molecules, thus promoting the rupture of the hydration film between the particles and the bubbles, thus making the adsorption between the particles and the bubbles more stable. When sodium sulfite was added into the galena-ethylthionitrogen-water system, the pH value of pulp increased, thus inhibiting the autooxidation reaction on galena surface, inhibiting S2032- formation, increasing hydrophobicity of galena surface, and increasing the hydrophobicity of galena surface. The floatability of silver is improved and it is more favorable for the collector to adsorb and floatation. The metal complex formed by the interaction of ethylthionium and silver is more difficult to dissolve, and the ability of collecting silver is stronger than that of galena. The hydrophobic film is adsorbed on galena surface in preference to silver. The hydrophobicity of galena surface is increased and the stability of collector adsorption is enhanced. The higher the silver content is, the more obvious the hydrophobic film is.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD923;TD952

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