本文選題：急傾斜特厚煤層　切入點：頂板失穩(wěn)　出處：《西安科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：水平分段綜采放頂煤是開采急傾斜特厚煤層的一種安全高效的開采方式。急傾斜特厚煤層頂板的運移規(guī)律、垮落形態(tài)及礦山壓力顯現(xiàn)都與水平煤層、緩傾斜煤層有著很大的差別。論文以烏魯木齊礦區(qū)神新能源有限公司烏東煤礦45°急傾斜特厚煤層頂板動力災(zāi)害為研究背景,開展頂板運移規(guī)律、動力災(zāi)害源以及動力災(zāi)害規(guī)律分析,對頂板的防治、局部強化致裂卸壓有著重要的科學(xué)意義與工程應(yīng)用價值。論文通過收集烏東煤礦地質(zhì)條件概況,掌握礦井地應(yīng)力分布,了解歷年開采狀況。針對烏東煤礦北采區(qū) 45°急傾斜特厚煤層采用水平分段綜采放頂煤開采,頂板的動力災(zāi)害問題,采用了數(shù)學(xué)建模理論分析、Flac3D數(shù)值模擬等方法了解和掌握頂板的運移規(guī)律及垮落特征:a.急傾斜特厚煤層上覆煤巖體運動受采動影響以及工作面的采深和煤層的傾角有著很大的關(guān)系,隨著開采水平向深部發(fā)展,工作面頂部垮落的破碎采空區(qū)增大,工作面頂部截面上承受的彎矩也隨之增大;b.在同等前提下,煤層傾角越大,頂板處巖層冒落帶最大高度所在位置a與采場傾斜長度L越靠近。當(dāng)aL時,冒落帶最大高度所處的位置在采空區(qū)頂部位置附近;c.不同于水平煤層、緩傾斜煤層,急傾斜特厚煤層頂板的垮落方式有以下4種:①巖石沿層理方向滑移;②垮落巖石下滑(或滾動);③底板巖石隆起;④煤層擠壓(片幫)。d.工作面頂部拱狀穩(wěn)定結(jié)構(gòu)的支撐點主要為靠近工作附近的頂板,簡稱為穩(wěn)定結(jié)構(gòu)的“底部拱角”。隨著回采進行,拱狀構(gòu)造應(yīng)力集中,拱狀構(gòu)造的“底部拱角”易遭到擠壓破壞,拱狀構(gòu)造易失穩(wěn)。通過掌握頂板的運移規(guī)律、失穩(wěn)特征后,工程實踐采用了三種不同的方式對頂板進行卸壓,分別為:a.“上-中-下”三位一體爆破處理頂板;b.注水軟化及注水爆破耦合處理頂板;c.超前預(yù)爆破處理頂板。并通過地質(zhì)雷達、鉆孔窺視、微震監(jiān)測、電磁輻射等監(jiān)測手段保證頂板安全垮落。三種辦法相互結(jié)合、相輔相成,成功的保證了工作面、巷道的安全,礦井頂板動力災(zāi)害得到了很好的控制。本研究為急傾斜特厚煤層水平分段綜放工作面及動力災(zāi)害預(yù)測與控制提供了有效方法。
[Abstract]:Horizontal sublevel fully mechanized caving caving is a safe and efficient mining method for mining steeply inclined and super-thick coal seams. The law of roof movement, collapse morphology and mine pressure appearance of steeply and ultra-thick coal seams are all similar to those of horizontal coal seams. There are great differences in gently inclined coal seams. Based on the research background of roof dynamic disaster of 45 擄steep and extra thick coal seam of Shenxin Energy Co., Ltd., Urumqi mining area, the law of roof movement is carried out. The analysis of the source of dynamic disaster and the law of dynamic disaster has important scientific significance and engineering application value to the prevention and treatment of roof and local strengthening of fracturing and unloading pressure. Through collecting the general situation of geological conditions in Wudong Coal Mine, the paper grasps the distribution of ground stress in the mine. In view of the 45 擄steeply inclined super thick coal seam in the north mining area of Wudong Coal Mine, the dynamic disaster of roof can be solved by adopting fully mechanized caving caving coal mining in horizontal sublevel. The mathematical modeling theory is used to analyze the numerical simulation of Flac3D to understand and master the law of roof movement and collapse characteristics: A. the movement of overlying rock mass is affected by mining movement, the mining depth and the dip angle of coal seam are also studied. Has a lot to do with it, With the development of mining level to the deep, the broken goaf at the top of the working face increases, and the bending moment on the top section of the working face increases. The position a of the maximum height of the caving zone at the roof is closer to the inclined length L of the stope. When a, the position of the maximum height of the caving zone is located near the top of the goaf, which is different from the horizontal coal seam. There are four types of roof caving in steep and super thick coal seam as follows: (1) rock sliding along the bedding direction / (2) falling rock sliding (or rolling / 3 floor rock uplift) 4 coal seam extrusion (sheet top. D. d. support of arch stability structure at the top of the face). The point is mainly the roof near the work, The "bottom arch angle" of the stable structure is referred to as the "bottom arch angle" of the stable structure. With the recovery, the stress concentration of the arch structure, the "bottom arch angle" of the arch structure are easily crushed and destroyed, and the arch structure is vulnerable to instability. In engineering practice, three different ways are adopted to relieve the pressure of roof, namely: a. The "upper-middle-down" trinity blasting is used to treat the roof, the water injection softening and the water injection blasting are coupled to treat the roof and the roof is treated by advanced pre-blasting, and the roof is treated by geological radar. Monitoring means such as borehole peek, microseismic monitoring and electromagnetic radiation ensure the safety of roof collapse. The three methods are combined with each other and complement each other to ensure the safety of working face and roadway successfully. The study provides an effective method for prediction and control of dynamic disaster in the horizontal sublevel fully mechanized caving face and dynamic disaster control.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD35

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