本文選題：巖土工程　切入點：數(shù)值模擬　出處：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來,不斷加劇的礦業(yè)開發(fā)活動造成尾礦庫數(shù)量快速增長,由于疏忽管理和維護(hù),部分尾礦庫存在安全隱患。國內(nèi)外的尾礦庫災(zāi)難不僅造成了重大人員傷亡和財產(chǎn)損失,同時也給庫區(qū)下游帶來了沉重的環(huán)境災(zāi)難。地震是誘發(fā)尾礦庫事故的重要原因之一,對地震作用下尾礦庫穩(wěn)定性的研究具有重要意義。既有的研究主要關(guān)注于采用不同分析方法,計算不同條件下的尾礦壩靜力和動力穩(wěn)定性安全系數(shù),對尾礦庫動力響應(yīng)規(guī)律的研究還不系統(tǒng)。因此,本文以個舊象沖尾礦庫為研究對象,采用數(shù)值模擬和模型試驗相結(jié)合的方法,系統(tǒng)的研究了尾礦庫的地震動力響應(yīng)特征。論文完成的主要工作和取得的研究成果如下：1、基于庫區(qū)地表水文工程地質(zhì)資料,通過分析巖層產(chǎn)狀、泉點及地表徑流特征,對場區(qū)建庫的適宜性進(jìn)行評價,從而提出了一種基于地質(zhì)調(diào)查資料實現(xiàn)對場地評價的工程地質(zhì)分析方法。分析結(jié)果表明：(1)沖溝呈等間距發(fā)育表明巖層抗侵蝕能力具有“均質(zhì)各向同性”特征,區(qū)內(nèi)存在控制性斷裂構(gòu)造的可能性較小。(2)巖性分布規(guī)律表明庫區(qū)巖層是一套完整的沉積序列,區(qū)內(nèi)絕大多數(shù)巖層北傾,產(chǎn)出狀態(tài)較為穩(wěn)定。(3)泉點具有數(shù)量多、密度大、流量小、空間分布隨機(jī)的顯著特征,沖溝流量大小與監(jiān)測點上方匯水面積以及松散堆積物厚度正相關(guān),表明庫區(qū)地下水主要為孔隙水。(4)巖層的完整性和隔水性有利于尾礦庫的建設(shè)和運(yùn)營安全。2、利用場地動力學(xué)參數(shù)與深度的關(guān)系對場地地層進(jìn)行概化,實現(xiàn)了大型復(fù)雜場地動力計算的簡化數(shù)值模擬。基于數(shù)值模擬,首先研究了尾礦庫靜力位移場和應(yīng)力場特征,并探討了尾礦介質(zhì)參數(shù)和筑壩工藝對尾礦庫靜力穩(wěn)定性的影響,研究得出以下結(jié)論：(1)自重條件下尾礦庫變形以沉降為主,堆積壩壩頂變形最為顯著,尾礦壩具有沿某圓弧滑動面向下游失穩(wěn)的趨勢。(2)地基巖層應(yīng)力分布呈近似水平層狀,堆積壩壩頂存在拉應(yīng)力區(qū)。(3)尾礦介質(zhì)參數(shù)變化對尾礦庫應(yīng)力場和位移場分布特征沒有明顯影響,但是參數(shù)改變會引起位移和應(yīng)力大小的變化。(4)靜位移與尾礦彈性模量負(fù)相關(guān),分級尾礦筑壩有利于壩體穩(wěn)定性。3、基于數(shù)值模擬,系統(tǒng)的研究了地震作用下尾礦庫的位移、應(yīng)力及加速度特征,探討了不同尾礦參數(shù)對尾礦庫動力響應(yīng)的影響。主要結(jié)論如下：(1)動位移隨時步不斷變化并且無明顯規(guī)律,尾礦壩向臨空面變形趨勢明顯。(2)動位移與尾礦彈性模量負(fù)相關(guān),尾礦庫縱向地震動力響應(yīng)更為敏感。(3)從不同時步尾礦庫最大位移值方向、大小及Y向永久位移大小上看,分級尾礦筑壩有利于壩體的穩(wěn)定性。(4)動應(yīng)力以壓應(yīng)力為主,拉應(yīng)力主要存在于庫區(qū)邊緣和庫內(nèi)分水嶺山脊等尾礦堆積厚度比較小的區(qū)域；尾礦介質(zhì)參數(shù)和筑壩工藝與尾礦庫的主應(yīng)力和剪應(yīng)力分布特征沒有明顯的相關(guān)性。(5)動力響應(yīng)存在“介質(zhì)突變效應(yīng)”,尾礦庫中部區(qū)域放大水平低于兩側(cè)庫岸和庫尾,尾礦和地基巖層參數(shù)差別越大,“介質(zhì)突變效應(yīng)”越顯著。(6)動力響應(yīng)具有臨空放大效應(yīng),在堆積壩下游1/2坡高處動力放大水平較高,說明尾礦壩具有和邊坡類似的動力響應(yīng)特征。(7)動力響應(yīng)存在“介質(zhì)剛度效應(yīng)”,隨著尾礦彈性模量的增大,加速度放大水平提高。(8)動力響應(yīng)存在“高程效應(yīng)”,隨高程的增加,響應(yīng)水平提高,但由于多效應(yīng)疊加,放大系數(shù)與高程并不嚴(yán)格正相關(guān)。4、構(gòu)建涵蓋場地、周圍山體的大型尾礦庫物理模型,依托大型振動臺進(jìn)行了尾礦庫地震動力響應(yīng)模型試驗研究,結(jié)論如下：(1)尾礦庫對輸入地震波波形類別響應(yīng)遲鈍,但對地震波加速度峰值響應(yīng)敏感,存在“加速度峰值”效應(yīng)；相同地震波,輸入峰值加速度越低,放大水平越高。(2)動力響應(yīng)存在“介質(zhì)剛度效應(yīng)”,隨著尾礦含水率的提高,監(jiān)測點峰值位移及其平均值會提高,而加速度放大系數(shù)會降低；即介質(zhì)越“軟”,放大程度越低。(3)動力響應(yīng)存在“介質(zhì)突變效應(yīng)”,當(dāng)堆積壩介質(zhì)剛度較低時,尾礦庫與山體或模型邊界接觸部位放大水平較高,該效應(yīng)會隨著介質(zhì)剛度降低被放大。(4)動力響應(yīng)存在“高程效應(yīng)”,放大水平與高程正相關(guān),但由于多效應(yīng)疊加的影響,堆積壩壩頂并不是地震放大水平最高的區(qū)域。5、通過對比數(shù)值模擬和模型試驗的結(jié)果,對地震作用下尾礦庫動力響應(yīng)的一般規(guī)律進(jìn)行了總結(jié)；利用剪切振動梁模型和能量守恒原理對尾礦庫地震動力響應(yīng)特征的力學(xué)機(jī)理進(jìn)行了初步討論,數(shù)值模擬和模型試驗結(jié)果表現(xiàn)出較好的一致性。研究成果對尾礦庫抗震設(shè)計和抗震措施研究以及揭示大型構(gòu)筑物的地震動力響應(yīng)規(guī)律具有重要意義。
[Abstract]:In recent years, mining activity continued to increase due to the rapid growth in the number of tailings, due to the negligence of management and maintenance, part of the tailings safety hazards. The domestic and foreign tailings disaster not only caused great casualties and property losses, and brought a heavy environmental disaster but also to the downstream region. The earthquake is one of the important causes of tailings Library of accidents, it is important to study the stability of tailings dam under earthquake. The existing research mainly focus on using different analytical methods, calculated under different conditions of static and dynamic stability of tailings dam safety coefficient, study on the dynamic responses of the tailings is not the system. Therefore, based on the old tailings as Chong library as the research object, using the method of numerical simulation and model experiment of combining the systematic study of the characteristics of seismic response of the tailings. The main work of this dissertation And the results are as follows: 1. The reservoir surface hydrological engineering geological data based on, through the analysis of terrane, springs and runoff characteristics, to assess the suitability of the construction area, and puts forward an analysis method based on the evaluation of site engineering geology of the geological survey data. The analysis results show that: (1) the gullies are equidistant development indicates that the anti erosion ability of "isotropic" feature, there is little possibility to control the fracture structure in the area. (2) showed that the distribution of reservoir rock lithology is a complete sedimentary sequence, in the vast majority of strata leans to the north, (output state is more stable. 3) spring has the quantity, density, flow rate, distribution characteristics of random space, gully flow and monitoring points above the catchment area and the thickness of loose deposits show that the groundwater mainly positive correlation Pore water. (4) integrity of rock and water is beneficial to the construction and operation safety of.2 tailings, the generalization of the stratum relationship using parameters and depth field dynamics, the simplified numerical calculation of large and complex dynamic simulation. Based on numerical simulation, firstly studies the static displacement of tailings field and stress field characteristics, and discusses the influence of medium parameters and process of tailings dam of tailings static stability, the research draws the following conclusions: (1) the weight of tailings under the condition of deformation dominated by subsidence and deformation of dam crest is the most significant accumulation of tailings dam has a circular sliding along the downstream for instability of the trend. (2) the foundation rock stress distribution is approximately horizontal layered, dam crest is the tensile stress zone. (3) the change of medium parameters on tailings tailings should not significantly affect the stress field and displacement field distribution, but the parameters change Will cause the change of stress and displacement size. (4) negative static displacement and elastic modulus of tailings, grade of tailing dam is conducive to the stability of the dam.3, based on numerical simulation, the system of tailings dam displacement under earthquake, stress and acceleration characteristics, discusses the influence of different parameters on the dynamic response of the tailings tailings the main conclusions are as follows: (1) the displacement at any time step change and no obvious rule, the tailings dam toward surface deformation trend is obvious. (2) the dynamic displacement and elastic modulus of the tailings tailings are negatively related to longitudinal seismic response is more sensitive. (3) and the maximum displacement of the tailings never step value direction. The size and Y to permanent displacement size and grade of tailing dam stability for dam. (4) the dynamic stress in the compressive stress, tensile stress mainly exists in the reservoir area and pool edge ridge tail ore thickness is relatively small Regional; tailings medium parameter and tailings dam construction and the principal stress and shear stress have no obvious correlation between the distribution characteristics. (5) the dynamic response of the existence of "medium mutation effect", the tailings level is lower than the central region on both sides of the bank and the amplified library, tailings and bedrock layer parameters to the greater difference, "the medium effect is more significant. The mutation (6) dynamic response has a free amplification effect, in the downstream of the 1/2 dam slope height dynamic amplification level is higher, and that of tailings dam has a similar slope dynamic response characteristics. (7) the dynamic response of" medium stiffness effect ", with the increase of tailings and the elastic modulus of horizontal acceleration amplification to improve the dynamic response. (8)" Gao Cheng effect ", with Gao Cheng's increased response level, but due to effect of superposition, amplification and Gao Cheng are not strictly positive correlation.4, build a covered field, the large tail of the surrounding hills The ore reservoir physical model, based on the large vibration of tailings dam seismic dynamic response test, the model results are as follows: (1) slow response to the input seismic wave tailings category, but sensitive to seismic peak acceleration, the existence of "acceleration" effect; the same seismic waves, the lower the input peak acceleration, amplification the higher the level. (2) the dynamic response of "medium stiffness effect", with the increase of moisture content of tailings, the peak displacement of monitoring points and its average value will increase, and the acceleration amplification coefficient will decrease; the medium is "soft", the lower the degree of amplification. (3) the dynamic response of "medium mutation effect" when the dam, medium stiffness is low, the tailings and mountain or boundary contact site amplification level is higher, the effect will be amplified with medium stiffness decreased. (4) the dynamic response of the existence of "altitude effect", the level of amplification Positive correlation with elevation, but due to the influence of multi effect, and the.5 is not the accumulation of dam crest seismic amplification of the highest level, through the comparison of the numerical simulation and model test results, the general regularity of dynamic response of tailings under earthquake are summarized; the shear vibration of the beam model and the principle of energy conservation mechanism of tailings reservoir seismic response characteristics are discussed. The numerical simulation and model test results well. The research results have important significance to the design and study of seismic and aseismic measures of tailings to reveal the laws of seismic dynamic response of large structures.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TD926.4;TD32

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