發(fā)布時間：2018-03-12 11:03

  本文選題：聲學(xué)　切入點(diǎn)：頻率　出處：《太原理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：錨桿支護(hù)因其具有“高效、低成本”的特點(diǎn),已廣泛運(yùn)用于礦山、隧道、橋梁、基坑等工程中,使得施工環(huán)境得到顯著改善,并且還具有提高生產(chǎn)效率和安全生產(chǎn)條件的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。然而近年來,因?yàn)橹ёo(hù)失效所引發(fā)的冒頂、坍滑等事故時有發(fā)生,帶來難以預(yù)見的損失。因而,設(shè)法對錨桿力進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確、高效、可靠的監(jiān)測,對保護(hù)經(jīng)濟(jì)、人身安全具有深遠(yuǎn)意義。國內(nèi)外各高校院所、科研機(jī)構(gòu)、各大礦區(qū)等設(shè)計(jì)和應(yīng)用的錨桿力檢測裝置和監(jiān)測設(shè)備主要包括兩大類。一類是諸如光纖光柵式、鋼弦式等需要電源供電的傳統(tǒng)錨桿力檢測裝置。該類檢測裝置普遍存在的問題有:誤差值大、穩(wěn)定性不足、不易管理、對巖體擾動大。另外一類是諸如液壓式、純機(jī)械變形式等不需要電源供電的檢測裝置。然而,結(jié)構(gòu)過于復(fù)雜、成本較高、誤差大且不易推廣是該類檢測裝置普遍存在的不足。論文在總結(jié)了現(xiàn)有監(jiān)測裝置的基礎(chǔ)上,針對所存在的缺陷和不足,利用結(jié)構(gòu)固有頻率隨預(yù)應(yīng)力不同而發(fā)生改變的原理,采用理論分析和模擬仿真相結(jié)合的研究方法,設(shè)計(jì)出一種通過聽不同頻率聲音判斷錨桿力的新型監(jiān)測裝置。主要研究內(nèi)容及成果如下:(1)對所提出監(jiān)測裝置的工作原理和操作方法進(jìn)行簡要介紹,并利用機(jī)械振動的相關(guān)知識,進(jìn)行相關(guān)公式的推導(dǎo),對該監(jiān)測裝置的理論可行性進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。(2)對監(jiān)測裝置的設(shè)計(jì)過程進(jìn)行介紹:利用三維建模軟件Pro/E5.0建立監(jiān)測裝置的仿真模型,導(dǎo)入到有限元仿真軟件ANSYS14.5中完成對本監(jiān)測裝置的強(qiáng)度和模態(tài)分析。然后利用LMS Virtual.lab Acoustic聲學(xué)仿真平臺對本監(jiān)測裝置的聲學(xué)性能進(jìn)行分析。分析結(jié)果表明所設(shè)計(jì)的監(jiān)測裝置滿足強(qiáng)度需要,監(jiān)測裝置固有頻率與所受應(yīng)力之間呈近似線性規(guī)律變化,工作人員可以實(shí)現(xiàn)聽敲擊該監(jiān)測裝置發(fā)出聲音的頻率來判斷此時錨桿受力狀況這一終極目標(biāo)。(3)在對監(jiān)測裝置的設(shè)計(jì)過程及可行性進(jìn)行介紹的基礎(chǔ)上,利用ANSYS14.5和LMS Virtual.lab Acoustic12.0聯(lián)合仿真平臺對結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的改變對監(jiān)測裝置的強(qiáng)度、結(jié)構(gòu)模態(tài)以及監(jiān)聽時的聽覺效果的影響進(jìn)行分析討論。結(jié)果表明:振動板材料,振動板厚度,上、下殼體厚度,振動板有效振動高度,承載體直徑等發(fā)生改變后會對監(jiān)測裝置的各項(xiàng)性能造成不同程度的影響。(4)利用LMS Virtual.lab Acoustic12.0仿真平臺對所施加激振力的大小和位置,阻尼比,以及監(jiān)測人員與監(jiān)測裝置所呈角度、距離的不同對監(jiān)聽效果的影響進(jìn)行了分析討論。結(jié)果表明:激振力大小、位置和阻尼比的改變對監(jiān)測結(jié)果無影響,監(jiān)測人員與監(jiān)測裝置間沒有固定的位置要求。(5)最后,對監(jiān)測裝置在實(shí)際工作時可能出現(xiàn)的“偏載”問題給最終監(jiān)測帶來的偏差進(jìn)行了分析。驗(yàn)證了在實(shí)際安裝時必須避免“偏載”的發(fā)生。本文為錨桿軸力監(jiān)測工作提供了一種簡單、有效的新思路。
[Abstract]:Because of its characteristics of "high efficiency and low cost", bolt support has been widely used in mines, tunnels, bridges, foundation pits and other projects, which has greatly improved the construction environment. It also has the advantages of improving production efficiency and safe production conditions. However, in recent years, accidents such as roof fall and collapse caused by failure of support have caused unpredictable losses. Efficient and reliable monitoring is of far-reaching significance to the protection of the economy and personal safety. The anchor force measuring devices and monitoring equipment designed and applied in various mining areas mainly include two categories. One is such as fiber Bragg grating. The steel string type and other traditional anchor force detection devices need power supply. The common problems of this kind of detection device are: big error, insufficient stability, difficult to manage, disturbance to rock mass, and the other kind is hydraulic type, However, the structure is too complicated, the cost is high, the error is large and it is not easy to be popularized. This paper summarizes the existing monitoring devices on the basis of a summary of the existing monitoring devices. In view of the defects and shortcomings, using the principle that the natural frequency of the structure varies with the prestress, the research method of combining theoretical analysis with simulation is adopted. A new type of monitoring device is designed to judge the anchor force by hearing different frequency sound. The main research contents and results are as follows: 1) the working principle and operation method of the proposed monitoring device are briefly introduced, and the relevant knowledge of mechanical vibration is used. The design process of the monitoring device is introduced. The simulation model of the monitoring device is established by using the 3D modeling software Pro/E5.0. The intensity and modal analysis of the monitoring device is completed in the finite element simulation software ANSYS14.5. Then, the acoustic performance of the monitoring device is analyzed by using the LMS Virtual.lab Acoustic acoustic simulation platform. The analysis results show that the monitoring device is designed. The device meets the intensity requirements, The variation of natural frequency and stress of the monitoring device is approximately linear. On the basis of introducing the design process and feasibility of the monitoring device, the staff can realize the ultimate goal of hearing the frequency of the sound emitted by the monitoring device to judge the stress condition of the anchor rod at this time, which is based on the introduction of the design process and the feasibility of the monitoring device. The influence of structural parameters on the intensity of monitoring device, structural mode and hearing effect during monitoring is analyzed and discussed by using ANSYS14.5 and LMS Virtual.lab Acoustic12.0 simulation platform. The results show that the material of vibrating plate, the thickness of vibrating plate, the thickness of vibratory plate, and the influence of the change of structural parameters on the monitoring device are analyzed and discussed. The thickness of the lower shell, the effective vibration height of the vibration plate, the diameter of the bearing body and so on will affect the performance of the monitoring device to varying degrees.) the magnitude and position of the exciting force and the damping ratio will be applied by using the LMS Virtual.lab Acoustic12.0 simulation platform. The influence of the angle and distance between the monitor and the monitoring device on the monitoring effect is analyzed and discussed. The results show that the changes of exciting force, position and damping ratio have no effect on the monitoring results. There is no fixed position requirement between the monitor and the monitoring device. This paper analyzes the deviation caused by the "bias load" problem that may occur in the actual work of the monitoring device, and verifies that the "biased load" must be avoided in the actual installation. This paper is for the monitoring of the axial force of the anchor rod. Provides a simple, An effective new way of thinking.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD350

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本文編號：1601276