本文選題：微型試件　切入點(diǎn)：煤巖試驗(yàn)機(jī)　出處：《太原理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的崛起，各大工程項(xiàng)目正處在緊鑼密鼓的建設(shè)當(dāng)中，很多大的工程都涉及到了巖石力學(xué)和巖石滲流學(xué)的知識(shí)，在這些領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的專業(yè)研究還不足以解決實(shí)際的一些工程問(wèn)題，尤其在一些礦業(yè)工程當(dāng)中，因此，研究煤巖材料的力學(xué)與滲流損傷規(guī)律，具有廣泛的工程意義。數(shù)十年來(lái)，煤巖材料的力學(xué)和滲流學(xué)研究，主要針對(duì)的是一些大中型試件的變形損傷規(guī)律的研究，在小型，甚至在微型試件的研究領(lǐng)域，成果還很少，因此，本文針對(duì)微型煤巖試件的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究，能夠一定程度上彌補(bǔ)這方面的空白。 通過(guò)對(duì)材料特性的分析，選取了黃色粉砂巖和晉城15號(hào)無(wú)煙煤作為本文試驗(yàn)的主要試件材料，并鉆取了直徑為6mm,長(zhǎng)度為12mm的試件。微型煤巖試驗(yàn)機(jī)能夠針對(duì)微型試件進(jìn)行單軸壓縮、三軸壓縮，配合本文設(shè)計(jì)的煤巖實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)，進(jìn)行了煤巖滲流方面的一系列研究。將煤巖試驗(yàn)機(jī)和CT系統(tǒng)配合使用，完成了對(duì)煤巖材料力學(xué)和破裂滲流學(xué)方面的的研究，得到了大量的可靠數(shù)據(jù)。 本文主要采用實(shí)驗(yàn)和理論來(lái)分析微型試件的煤巖力學(xué)與滲流規(guī)律，在理論分析方面，分別從煤巖力學(xué)和滲流學(xué)兩方面展開(kāi)，，力學(xué)分析了煤巖變形破壞理論、煤巖力學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)展和煤巖應(yīng)力-應(yīng)變曲線特點(diǎn)；滲流學(xué)分析了水-巖作用理論、煤巖滲流理論和煤巖在應(yīng)力-滲流耦合作用下的滲流理論。 單軸壓縮實(shí)驗(yàn)證明了煤巖材料的強(qiáng)度與變形不僅與材料所含礦物顆粒有關(guān)，還受內(nèi)部裂隙孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)的形式、大小影響。砂巖試件的強(qiáng)度和變形還與試件的徑長(zhǎng)比和尺寸有關(guān)，而無(wú)煙煤試件的強(qiáng)度和變形具有顯著的各向異性。三軸壓縮實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，隨著圍壓的增大，各類試件的強(qiáng)度和變形都逐漸變大。通過(guò)分析殘余強(qiáng)度，指出黃砂巖屬于偏脆性的巖石材料，而無(wú)煙煤屬于偏塑性。單軸壓縮軟化實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，隨著浸水時(shí)間（含水率）的增加，煤巖材料遇水軟化，強(qiáng)度和變形發(fā)生了較大變化，無(wú)煙煤展現(xiàn)了浸水軟化的各向異性。煤巖材料滲流實(shí)驗(yàn)指出，煤巖滲流性與內(nèi)部裂隙結(jié)構(gòu)息息相關(guān)，圍壓一定，隨著滲透壓增加，強(qiáng)度和變形逐漸減小。破裂煤巖滲流規(guī)律研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，圍壓和滲透壓對(duì)煤巖材料的滲流性能都起著決定性的作用，滲透壓一定，圍壓增加，單位時(shí)間流量成負(fù)指數(shù)遞減，滲透系數(shù)和滲透率減�。粐鷫阂欢�，滲透壓增加，情況相反，但由于水的吸附作用，滲透系數(shù)和滲透率先減小，后上升。通過(guò)CT分析了煤巖試件的破壞變形和滲流的影響因素，并發(fā)現(xiàn)破裂煤巖的逾滲概率與其所受的圍壓與滲透壓有關(guān)。 雖然實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)和操作上還存在許多的不足之處，但通過(guò)本文的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究和理論分析，從一定程度上揭示了針對(duì)微型試件的煤巖力學(xué)與滲流損傷規(guī)律，具有重要的意義。該論文得到了國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目（51104105）的支持。
[Abstract]:With the rise of China's economy, major engineering projects are in the midst of intensive construction. Many major projects involve knowledge of rock mechanics and rock seepage. The professional research in these fields is not enough to solve some practical engineering problems, especially in some mining projects. Therefore, it is of great engineering significance to study the mechanics and seepage damage law of coal and rock materials. The research on mechanics and percolation of coal and rock materials is mainly aimed at the study of deformation and damage law of some large and medium-sized specimens. In this paper, the experimental study of miniature coal and rock specimen can make up the gap to some extent. The yellow siltstone and Jincheng No. 15 anthracite are selected as the main materials in this paper. With the diameter of 6 mm and the length of 12 mm, the minitype coal and rock testing machine can carry out uniaxial compression and triaxial compression for the micro specimen, and cooperate with the coal and rock experimental system designed in this paper. A series of research on percolation of coal and rock has been carried out. With the help of coal and rock testing machine and CT system, the mechanics of coal and rock materials and fracture percolation have been studied, and a large number of reliable data have been obtained. In this paper, experiments and theories are used to analyze the mechanics and seepage law of coal and rock. In theory analysis, the deformation and failure theory of coal and rock are analyzed respectively from two aspects: coal and rock mechanics and percolation. The experimental development of coal and rock mechanics and the characteristics of stress-strain curve of coal and rock are analyzed. The theory of water-rock interaction, the theory of coal and rock seepage and the seepage theory of coal and rock under stress-seepage coupling are analyzed. Uniaxial compression tests show that the strength and deformation of coal and rock materials are not only related to the mineral particles contained in the material, but also affected by the form and size of the pore structure of internal fractures. The strength and deformation of sandstone specimens are also related to the diameter ratio and size of the specimens. However, the strength and deformation of anthracite specimens have remarkable anisotropy. Triaxial compression tests show that the strength and deformation of all kinds of specimens increase with the increase of confining pressure. It is pointed out that yellow sandstone belongs to brittle rock material and anthracite to partial plasticity. Uniaxial compression softening experiment shows that the strength and deformation of coal and rock materials change greatly with the increase of water immersion time (water content). Anthracite shows the anisotropy of soaking and softening. The percolation experiment of coal and rock material indicates that the percolation property of coal and rock is closely related to the internal fracture structure, and the confining pressure is constant, with the increase of osmotic pressure, The study of percolation law of fractured coal and rock shows that both confining pressure and osmotic pressure play a decisive role in the percolation performance of coal and rock materials. When the percolation pressure is constant, the confining pressure increases and the unit time flow decreases exponentially. The permeability coefficient and permeability decrease, the confining pressure is fixed, the osmotic pressure increases, the situation is opposite, but due to the adsorption of water, the permeability coefficient and permeability decrease first and then rise. It is also found that the percolation probability of fractured coal and rock is related to the confining pressure and osmotic pressure. Although there are still many deficiencies in the design and operation of the experiment, through the experimental research and theoretical analysis in this paper, to a certain extent, the law of coal rock mechanics and seepage damage is revealed. This paper is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51104105).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TD315

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