本文選題：地震映像法　切入點(diǎn)：隧底巖溶探測　出處：《西南交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隧底巖溶的危害不僅僅體現(xiàn)在施工方面,如得不到及時整治處理或整治處理的不徹底,在后期運(yùn)營工程中構(gòu)成對隧道安全的威脅,危及行車安全,因此如何準(zhǔn)確而有效的判定巖溶的發(fā)育區(qū)所在位置顯得尤為重要。地震映像法是一種快速、無損的檢測方法,并可結(jié)合地震反射波、折射波、繞射波等多波信息,實(shí)測數(shù)據(jù)的分析與解譯相對簡單。雖然該方法在隧底巖溶探測方面應(yīng)用較少,結(jié)合本次工程探測實(shí)際,證明該方法應(yīng)用效果良好,可有效查明隧底巖溶的分布情況。首先介紹了地震映像法檢測的理論基礎(chǔ)。地震波在成層介質(zhì)中的分類、傳播機(jī)理、時距曲線方程、彈性波動力學(xué)基礎(chǔ)、彈性波波動方程、地震映像法的基本原理。再者介紹了有限差分的基本原理和大致流程。Tesseral軟件就是建立在有限差分基礎(chǔ)之上開發(fā)的商業(yè)化軟件。采用Tesseral地震波模擬軟件產(chǎn)生雙道地震波,對其進(jìn)行道集分離后,利用地震處理軟件Vista對相同偏移距的地震波形記錄進(jìn)行疊加。得出了單層介質(zhì)模型、空洞模型、低速體模型以及空洞充水模型的波場響應(yīng)特征。最后對地震映像法的實(shí)測技術(shù)與影響因素進(jìn)行研究,其影響因素主要包括激發(fā)條件、接收條件、耦合條件、偏移距因素、噪聲因素等等。結(jié)合該方法在滬昆高鐵貴州段的實(shí)際工程探測,得出了正常介質(zhì)、溶蝕破碎帶、空洞介質(zhì)等地質(zhì)體的波場響應(yīng)特征,將作出的異常區(qū)域解譯與實(shí)際資料進(jìn)行對比,證明該方法在隧底巖溶的探測效果良好。地震映像法檢測速度較快,穿透距離較大,雖然精度上有些誤差,但作為一種快速無損探測方法,可基本滿足工程要求。由于采用單一物探手段對隧底巖溶進(jìn)行探測,存在誤判的現(xiàn)象,需增強(qiáng)與工程實(shí)際的結(jié)合。
[Abstract]:The hazards of tunnel karst are not only reflected in the construction, such as not timely treatment or treatment is not thorough, in the later operation of the project constitutes a threat to tunnel safety, endangering the safety of driving, Therefore, it is very important to determine the location of karst development area accurately and effectively. Seismic mapping method is a fast and nondestructive detection method, which can be combined with seismic reflection wave, refraction wave, diffraction wave and other multi-wave information, such as seismic reflection wave, refraction wave, diffraction wave and so on. The analysis and interpretation of the measured data is relatively simple. Although the method is seldom used in the detection of karst at the bottom of the tunnel, it is proved that the method is effective in the application of this project. The distribution of karst in tunnel bottom can be effectively identified. Firstly, the theoretical basis of seismic mapping method is introduced. The classification, propagation mechanism, time-distance curve equation, elastic wave mechanics foundation, elastic wave wave equation of seismic wave in stratified medium are introduced. The basic principle and general flow of finite difference. Tesseral software is a commercial software developed on the basis of finite difference. The Tesseral seismic wave simulation software is used to generate double channel seismic waves. After the gather separation, the seismic waveform records with the same offset are stacked by the seismic processing software Vista. The monolayer medium model and the cavity model are obtained. The characteristics of wave field response of low-velocity body model and void-filled model are studied. Finally, the measured technique and influencing factors of seismic mapping method are studied. The influencing factors mainly include excitation condition, receiving condition, coupling condition, offset factor, etc. Combined with the practical engineering survey in the section of Shanghai, Kunming and Guizhou, the characteristics of wave field response of normal medium, dissolved broken zone, cavity medium and so on are obtained. By comparing the interpretation of anomalous region with the actual data, it is proved that the method is effective in detecting karst at the bottom of tunnel. The seismic image method is fast in detection and has a large penetration distance, although there are some errors in accuracy. However, as a fast nondestructive detection method, it can basically meet the requirements of engineering. Because the single geophysical method is used to detect the tunnel bottom karst, there is a phenomenon of misjudgment, so it is necessary to strengthen the combination with engineering practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U212.22;P631.4

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